. 2020 Aug 17;29(8):1077–1090. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8167

Table 4.

Associations Between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in the Past Month and Life Impact from Urinary Symptoms, Pain or Discomfort in the Pelvic or Bladder Area in a Community-Based Sample of 2292 Women; Boston Area Community Health Survey, 2008–2010

LUTS (at least rarely in the past month)	Women with LUTS, N	Women without LUTS, N	Prevalence of at least slight impact, %^a		PR of at least slight impact (95% CI)
LUTS (at least rarely in the past month)	Women with LUTS, N	Women without LUTS, N	Women without LUTS	Women with LUTS	Unadjusted	Adjusted^b	p	Adjusted^c	p
Urinating again after <2 hours	1273	1017	8.4	34.4	4.1 (3.0–5.6)	3.2 (2.3–4.3)	<0.001	1.9 (1.2–3.0)	0.007
Perceived frequency	884	1407	11.9	42.5	3.6 (2.7–4.8)	2.8 (2.1–3.7)	<0.001	1.4 (1.1–1.7)	0.012
Nocturia	1054	1238	11.5	40.5	3.5 (2.7–4.6)	2.7 (2.1–3.6)	<0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.7)	0.016
Stress incontinence^d	209	1871	15.7	79.4	5.1 (4.1–6.2)	3.3 (2.7–4.1)	<0.001	2.1 (1.7–2.7)	<0.001
Urgency incontinence^d	172	1824	19.6	69.8	3.6 (2.8–4.5)	2.7 (2.3–3.2)	<0.001	1.6 (1.3–1.9)	<0.001
Nonstress, nonurgency incontinence^d	149	2139	19.6	81.5	4.2 (3.4–5.1)	2.5 (2.2–3.0)	<0.001	1.6 (1.3–1.9)	<0.001
Dribbling/wet clothes after urination	407	1883	17.2	51.8	3.0 (2.4–3.8)	2.2 (1.8–2.7)	<0.001	0.9 (0.8–1.2)	0.570
Any incontinence^e	735	1554	12.6	44.2	3.5 (2.8–4.5)	2.8 (2.2–3.6)	<0.001	1.9 (1.5–2.4)	<0.001
Urgency/difficulty postponing urination	815	1477	10.3	46.4	4.5 (3.5–5.9)	3.7 (2.9–4.6)	<0.001	1.4 (1.1–1.9)	0.015
Pain, burning, discomfort in the pubic/bladder area	320	1972	18.4	60.0	3.3 (2.5–4.2)	2.2 (1.8–2.7)	<0.001	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	0.001
Straining/difficult to begin voiding	235	2057	20.0	59.4	3.0 (2.3–3.7)	1.9 (1.6–2.3)	<0.001	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	0.040
Weak stream	313	1979	18.5	55.8	3.0 (2.4–3.9)	2.2 (1.8–2.7)	<0.001	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	0.491
Intermittency	398	1894	17.8	52.9	3.0 (2.3–3.8)	2.1 (1.7–2.6)	<0.001	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	0.838
Incomplete emptying	694	1598	14.6	43.8	3.0 (2.3–3.8)	2.2 (1.7–2.8)	<0.001	1.2 (1.0–1.5)	0.029
Urinary tract infection^e	214	1817	21.4	40.1	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.6 (1.2–2.0)	0.001	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	0.893
Any LUTS	1821	471	2.8	28.3	10.0 (4.8–20.8)	7.0 (3.2–15.5)	<0.001	—	—

^{^a}

All values were weighted according to the sampling weights of the Boston Area Community Health Survey.

^{^b}

Adjusted for age (26–44, 45–64, or ≥65 years); race/ethnicity (black, Hispanic, or white); menopausal status (premenopausal/undetermined, perimenopausal, postmenopausal, or surgical); parity (0, 1–3, or ≥4 pregnancies); smoking status (current, former, or never smoker); alcohol intake (<1, 1–2, or ≥3 drinks); body mass index (<25, 25–29, or ≥30 kg/m²); waist circumference (<65, 65–89, 90–114, or ≥115 cm); health-related limitations in activities (not at all, a little, or a lot); self-reported physician diagnoses of high blood pressure, types I or II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and arthritis; and depressive symptoms (yes or no).

^{^c}

Additionally adjusted for other LUTS individually, as appropriate.

^{^d}

Assessed in the past week.

^{^e}

Assessed in the past year.

CI, confidence interval; PR, prevalence ratio.