Table 2.
Health Outcomes for ESTHER Participants at Baseline and Follow-Up by Sexual Orientation
| Baseline (2003–2006) |
Follow-up (2015–2016) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 483) | Heterosexual (n = 213) | Lesbian (n = 270) | p | Total (N = 483) | Heterosexual (n = 213) | Lesbian (n = 270) | p | |
| BMI, mean (SD)a | 28.19 (7.1) | 27.81 (6.5) | 28.49 (7.5) | 0.29 | 28.15 (6.7) | 28.14 (6.6) | 28.16 (6.7) | 0.97 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 146 (30.2) | 54 (25.4) | 92 (34.1) | 0.03b | 150 (31.1) | 66 (31.0) | 84 (31.1) | 0.24 |
| CRP >3 mg/L, n (%) | 118 (26.1) | 44 (21.6) | 74 (29.7) | 0.05b | — | — | — | — |
| Binge eating, n (%) | 54 (11.7) | 29 (13.9) | 25 (9.8) | 0.17 | 35 (7.3) | 15 (7.04) | 20 (7.4) | 0.88 |
| Hazardous drinking, n (%) | 230 (56.9) | 100 (54.6) | 130 (58.8) | 0.40 | 63 (13.4) | 24 (11.5) | 39 (14.8) | 0.31 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 44 (9.2) | 13 (6.2) | 31 (11.5) | 0.04b | 30 (6.4) | 8 (3.8) | 22 (8.5) | 0.04b |
| Depression CES-D score, mean (SD)a | 5.86 (4.9) | 5.45 (4.5) | 6.19 (5.2) | 0.09 | 5.49 (5.0) | 5.54 (4.7) | 5.45 (5.1) | 0.85 |
| Ever diagnosed with… n (%) | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 84 (17.4) | 36 (16.9) | 48 (17.8) | 0.80 | 141 (29.2) | 61 (28.6) | 80 (29.6) | 0.81 |
| Stroke | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.44 | 5 (1.0) | 3 (1.4) | 2 (0.7) | 0.66 |
| Heart attack | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.441 | 5 (1.0) | 4 (1.9) | 1 (0.4) | 0.18 |
| Cancer | 35 (7.3) | 20 (9.6) | 15 (5.6) | 0.10 | 63 (13.0) | 25 (11.7) | 38 (14.1) | 0.45 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 19 (3.9) | 8 (3.8) | 11 (4.1) | 0.86 | 21 (4.4) | 10 (4.7) | 11 (4.1) | 0.74 |
| COPD | 21 (4.4) | 9 (4.3) | 12 (4.4) | 0.92 | 15 (3.1) | 8 (3.8) | 7 (2.6) | 0.46 |
| Diabetes | 16 (3.3) | 4 (1.9) | 12 (4.4) | 0.12 | 43 (8.9) | 18 (8.5) | 25 (9.3) | 0.76 |
| Depression | 181 (37.6) | 67 (31.6) | 114 (42.2) | 0.02b | 73 (15.5) | 30 (14.4) | 43 (16.5) | 0.53 |
a
Continuous variables were compared using a two-tailed t-test
b
p < 0.05, proportions differ significantly between categories based on a chi-square test of equal proportions (p < 0.05).
BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein.