Table 1.
Associations between transforming growth factor β-1 expressions in tumor-associated stromal cells by immunohistochemistry and clinical and pathological parameters
| Clinicopathological Parameters | n | TGFβ-1 in TASC |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High, n = 9 | Low to None, n = 17 | |||
| Molecular subtype | ||||
| TNBC | 5 | 4 | 1 | χ2 = 10.85, p = 0.0126; TNBC vs. ER/PR/HER2 (+): p = 0.005 (Fisher) |
| HER2 (+)/ER&PR (−) | 5 | 3 | 2 | |
| HER2 (−)/ER&PR (+) | 7 | 2 | 5 | |
| HER&ER&PR (+) | 9 | 0 | 9 | |
| Histological grade | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | χ2 = 0.7876, p = 0.6745 (chi-square) |
| 2 | 7 | 2 | 5 | |
| 3 | 18 | 7 | 11 | |
| Age | ||||
| <50 | 7 | 2 | 5 | p = 1.000 (Fisher) |
| ≥50 | 19 | 7 | 12 | |
| Tumor size, cm | ||||
| ≤2 | 14 | 4 | 10 | p = 0.6828 (Fisher) |
| >2 | 12 | 5 | 7 | |
| Lymph node status | ||||
| Negative | 13 | 4 | 9 | χ2 = 1.393, p = 0.7071 (chi-square) |
| 1–3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
| 4–9 | 5 | 1 | 4 | |
| 10 or more | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
| Metastasis | ||||
| None | 22 | 6 | 16 | p = 0.1039 (Fisher) |
| Yes | 4 | 3 | 1 | |
| TNM stage | ||||
| I | 10 | 3 | 7 | χ2 = 0.3107, p = 0.8561 (chi-square) |
| II | 7 | 3 | 4 | |
| III | 9 | 3 | 6 | |
| Progression-free survival, years | ||||
| <5 | 7 | 4 | 3 | p = 0.1881 (Fisher) |
| ≥5 | 19 | 5 | 14 | |
| Overall survival, years | ||||
| <5 | 4 | 4 | 0 | p = 0.0084 (Fisher) |
| ≥5 | 22 | 5 | 17 | |
HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; TGFβ-1, transforming growth factor β-1; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer.