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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Tob Control. 2019 Sep 21;29(4):432–446. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054852

Table 1.

Use of a flavored tobacco product and flavor of first product used among new flavored product users by age group and tobacco product in Wave 2

First use among new users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 and First Flavor Type among New Flavored Users§
Youth (12–17) Young Adults (18–24) Adults (25+)
Frequency Weighted Percentage 95% CI Frequency Weighted Percentage 95% CI Frequency Weighted Percentage 95% CI Hypothesis Test
Any Tobacco Product New Product Users Wave 1 to Wave 2a 1362 11.4%b (10.8, 12.1) 2456 26.9%c (25.6, 28.3) 2745 8.1%d (7.7, 8.5)
Non-flavored 362 25.7% (23.4, 28.2) 1025 40.4% (37.9, 42.9) 1431 54.8% (52.2, 57.5)
Any flavor usee 1000 74.3% (71.8, 76.6) 1431 59.5% (57.0, 62.0) 1314 45.1% (42.5, 47.8) g, h, i*
Menthol or Mintf 302 30.4% (27.4, 33.7) 571 39.6% (36.8, 42.4) 593 44.6% (41.1, 48.2) g, h, i*
Clove or Spicef 21 1.9% (1.3, 2.9) 71 4.3% (3.4, 5.5) 79 5.8% (4.3, 7.8) g,h*
Fruitf 564 56.7% (53.6, 59.7) 838 60.4% (57.6, 63.2) 520 39.2% (36.0, 42.5) h,i*
Chocolatef 72 6.9% (5.3, 8.9) 127 8.6% (7.1, 10.4) 87 6.3% (4.8, 8.1)
Alcoholic Drinkf 43 4.3% (3.1, 5.9) 139 9.9% (8.2, 11.8) 100 7.2% (5.6, 9.3) g, h*
Candy/Other Sweetsf 276 27.5% (25.1, 30.1) 442 30.9% (27.6, 34.4) 236 18.8% (16.3, 21.5) h, i*
Other Flavorf 134 13.4% (11.4, 15.6) 194 13.6% (11.6, 16.0) 151 10.8% (8.7, 13.3)
Cigarettes New Product Users Wave 1 to Wave 2 335 2.8% (2.5, 3.1) 336 4.0% (3.5, 4.6) 79 0.4% (0.3, 0.5)
Non-flavored 203 59.7% (53.3, 65.7) 216 63.1% (57.7, 68.3) 46 62.4% (47.3, 75.5)
Any flavor use 132 40.4% (34.3, 46.7) 120 36.9% (31.8, 42.3) 33 37.6% (24.5, 52.7)
Menthol or Mint 85 65.1% (55.6, 73.6) 105 88.3% (80.2, 93.4) - - - g
Clove or Spice - - - - - - - - -
Fruit 24 17.0% (10.9, 25.5) - - - - - -
Chocolate - - - - - - - - -
Alcoholic Drink - - - - - - - - -
Candy/Other Sweets - - - - - - - - -
Other Flavor 18 14.0% (8.5, 22.1) - - - - - -
E-cigarettes New Product Users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 809 6.8% (6.2, 7.5) 905 10.5% (9.7, 11.4) 1310 3.8% (3.5, 4.1)
Non-flavored 155 18.4% (15.7, 21.5) 243 26.0% (23.2, 29.1) 604 45.7% (42.0, 49.4)
Any flavor use 654 81.6% (78.5, 84.3) 662 74.0% (70.9, 76.8) 706 54.3% (50.6, 58.0) g,h, i*
Menthol or Mint 91 13.3% (10.5, 16.7) 167 25.0% (21.3, 29.1) 295 39.5% (34.9, 44.3) g,h,i*
Clove or Spice - - - - - - 23 3.2% (2.0, 5.2)
Fruit 384 59.1% (55.2, 62.8) 417 65.2% (61.2, 69.0) 286 41.3% (36.9, 45.9) g,h,i*
Chocolate 40 5.9% (4.1, 8.5) 49 6.8% (5.0, 9.2) 34 4.7% (3.1, 6.9)
Alcoholic Drink 15 2.0% (1.2, 3.4) 33 5.2% (3.5, 7.5) 28 3.5% (2.2, 5.4) g*
Candy/Other Sweets 192 29.2% (26.0, 32.7) 249 38.7% (34.2, 43.4) 148 21.4% (17.7, 25.7) g,h,i*
Other Flavor 71 10.4% (8.3, 13.0) 72 11.2% (9.0, 14.0) 79 10.8% (8.2, 14.1)
Traditional Cigars New Product Users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 102 0.9% (0.7, 1.1) 723 7.8% (7.1, 8.5) 661 2.0% (1.8, 2.2)
Non-flavored 69 69.8% (58.2, 79.4) 531 73.6% (69.6, 77.3) 484 76.6% (71.7, 80.9)
Any flavor use 33 30.2% (20.6, 41.8) 192 26.4% (22.8, 30.4) 177 23.4% (19.1, 28.3)
Menthol or Mint - - - 45 20.3% (14.8, 27.2) 55 40.1% (29.7, 51.5) i*
Clove or Spice - - - 17 7.7% (4.8, 12.1) - - -
Fruit - - - 81 45.5% (37.8, 53.4) 55 26.0% (19.6, 33.5) i*
Chocolate - - - 31 15.4% (10.4, 22.4) 18 9.4% (5.8, 14.8)
Alcoholic Drink - - - 30 15.7% (10.2, 23.3) 21 10.7% (6.7, 16.6)
Candy/Other Sweets - - - 34 16.3% (11.7, 22.2) 31 16.6% (11.0, 24.2)
Other Flavor - - - 32 17.6% (11.8, 25.3) 24 13.9% (8.1, 22.8)
Cigarillos New Product Users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 151 1.3% (1.1, 1.6) 343 3.6% (3.1, 4.1) 296 0.8% (0.7, 1.0)
Non-flavored 76 49.2% (41.8, 56.7) 178 51.1% (45.2, 57.1) 172 58.6% (50.4, 66.2)
Any flavor use 75 50.8% (43.3, 58.2) 165 48.9% (42.9, 54.8) 124 41.5% (33.8, 49.6)
Menthol or Mint - - - 27 14.0% (9.8, 19.8) 36 35.4% (24.4, 48.2) i*
Clove or Spice - - - - - - - - -
Fruit 38 50.2% (38.9, 61.5) 100 64.8% (56.1, 72.6) 41 28.7% (19.1, 40.8) h,i*
Chocolate - - - 14 7.9% (4.7, 13.0) - - -
Alcoholic Drink - - - 31 20.1% (13.0, 29.6) 21 21.6% (12.3, 35.3)
Candy/Other Sweets 13 17.3% (9.8, 28.5) 37 20.6% (15.0, 27.7) 21 19.3% (11.5, 30.6)
Other Flavor - - - 27 15.4% (10.3, 22.5) 20 14.9% (8.0, 26.0)
Filtered Cigars New Product Users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 73 0.6% (0.5, 0.8) 362 3.5% (3.2, 3.8) 417 1.0% (0.9, 1.2)
Non-flavored 36 49.0% (36.7, 61.4) 242 68.7% (63.4, 73.6) 241 60.3% (54.9, 65.3)
Any flavor use 37 51.0% (38.6, 63.3) 120 31.3% (26.4, 36.6) 176 39.8% (34.7, 45.1) g
Menthol or Mint - - - 39 28.8% (20.4, 38.9) 88 48.1% (39.7, 56.6) i*
Clove or Spice - - - 12 9.6% (5.3, 16.8) 21 12.0% (7.2, 19.4)
Fruit - - - 54 45.8% (37.3, 54.5) 47 25.0% (18.9, 32.2) i*
Chocolate - - - - - - - - -
Alcoholic Drink - - - 15 12.8% (7.5, 21.1) 18 12.2% (7.4, 19.4)
Candy/Other Sweets - - - 18 16.6% (9.3, 28.0) 26 17.2% (10.8, 26.3)
Other Flavor - - - - - - - - -
Any Cigars New Product Users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 252 2.2% (1.9, 2.5) 1150 12.0% (11.2, 12.8) 1121 3.2% (2.9, 3.4)
Non-flavored 125 49.6% (42.9, 56.3) 739 64.8% (61.6, 67.9) 704 66.9% (62.8, 70.7)
Any flavor use 127 50.4% (43.7, 57.1) 411 35.2% (32.2, 38.4) 417 33.2% (29.3, 37.2) g,h*
Menthol or Mint 22 15.9% (10.2, 24.1) 95 20.2% (16.4, 24.6) 165 42.5% (36.5, 48.7) h,i*
Clove or Spice - - - 32 7.3% (5.2, 10.2) 36 7.9% (5.5, 11.4)
Fruit 64 51.0% (42.7, 59.2) 209 53.4% (48.6, 58.2) 133 29.0% (23.6, 35.0) h,i*
Chocolate - - - 53 12.7% (9.7, 16.6) 36 9.1% (5.9, 13.8)
Alcoholic Drink - - - 73 18.1% (14.1, 22.9) 57 15.4% (10.9, 21.4)
Candy/Other Sweets 17 13.8% (9.0, 20.5) 84 19.6% (15.8, 24.0) 67 18.5% (13.8, 24.3)
Other Flavor 22 17.5% (12.1, 24.6) 64 15.3% (11.8, 19.5) 50 11.0% (7.4, 16.0)
Pipe New Product Users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 N/Aj N/A N/A 138 1.4% (1.2, 1.7) 93 0.3% (0.2, 0.4)
Non-flavored N/A N/A N/A 106 77.6% (67.3, 85.4) 63 76.6% (66.6, 84.3)
Any flavor use N/A N/A N/A 32 22.4% (14.6, 32.8) 30 23.4% (15.7, 33.4)
Menthol or Mint N/A N/A N/A - - - - - -
Clove or Spice N/A N/A N/A - - - - - -
Fruit N/A N/A N/A - - - - - -
Chocolate N/A N/A N/A - - - - - -
Alcoholic Drink N/A N/A N/A - - - - - -
Candy/Other Sweets N/A N/A N/A - - - - - -
Other Flavor N/A N/A N/A - - - - - -
Hookah New Product Users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 291 2.4% (2.2, 2.8) 625 7.1% (6.5, 7.8) 257 0.8% (0.7, 0.9)
Non-flavored 67 22.8% (17.8, 28.8) 235 33.3% (29.2, 37.6) 116 49.7% (42.6, 56.8)
Any flavor use 224 77.2% (71.2, 82.2) 390 66.7% (62.4, 70.8) 141 50.3% (43.2, 57.4) g,h,i*
Menthol or Mint 49 21.1% (16.3, 27.0) 108 29.5% (23.9, 35.7) 29 18.8% (12.2, 27.9)
Clove or Spice - - - 20 4.1% (2.3, 7.2) - - -
Fruit 153 68.5% (62.3, 74.1) 301 78.6% (73.4, 83.0) 97 64.8% (53.6, 74.6) g,i*
Chocolate 20 9.0% (6.1, 13.1) 20 5.4% (3.1, 9.5) 15 8.8% (5.0, 15.1)
Alcoholic Drink - - - 31 8.2% (5.1, 12.8) 14 7.5% (4.2, 13.0)
Candy/Other Sweets 67 31.0% (25.1, 37.6) 136 31.0% (25.9, 36.6) 26 16.0% (10.1, 24.4) h,i*
Other Flavor 20 8.2% (5.2, 12.7) 53 14.3% (10.0, 19.9) 16 11.4% (6.6, 19.1)
Smokeless Tobacco New Product Users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 138 1.3% (1.0, 1.5) 134 1.4% (1.2, 1.7) 90 0.3% (0.2, 0.3)
Non-flavored 61 40.7% (33.3, 48.6) 70 53.8% (44.5, 62.9) 59 71.9% (59.4, 81.7)
Any flavor use 77 59.3% (51.4, 66.7) 64 46.2% (37.1, 55.5) 31 28.1% (18.3, 40.6) g,h,i*
Menthol or Mint 63 79.5% (69.5, 86.8) 57 90.0% (77.6, 95.9) - - -
Clove or Spice - - - - - - - - -
Fruit 12 15.9% (9.6, 25.2) - - - - - -
Chocolate - - - - - - - - -
Alcoholic Drink - - - - - - - - -
Candy/Other Sweets - - - - - - - - -
Other Flavor - - - - - - - - -
Snus New Product Users from Wave 1 to Wave 2 69 0.6% (0.5, 0.8) 176 1.8% (1.5, 2.2) 149 0.4% (0.3, 0.5)
Non-flavored 21 26.5% (17.7, 37.5) 80 45.8% (39.1, 52.6) 79 53.0% (41.9, 63.8)
Any flavor use 48 73.6% (62.5, 82.3) 96 54.2% (47.4, 60.9) 70 47.0% (36.2, 58.1) g,h*
Menthol or Mint - - - 80 86.2% (77.9, 91.7) - -
Clove or Spice - - - - - - - - -
Fruit - - - 13 11.0% (6.0, 19.1) - - -
Chocolate - - - - - - - - -
Alcoholic Drink - - - - - - - - -
Candy/Other Sweets - - - - - - - - -
Other Flavor - - - - - - - - -

Age groups (youth, young adults, and adults 25+) were categorized based on age at Wave 2.

Respondents could report using multiple products.

-

Dashes represent estimates that have been suppressed because they are statistically unreliable. The estimates are based on a denominator sample size of less than 50, or the relative standard error (RSE) of the estimate or its complement is greater than 30%.

§

Percentages are weighted to represent the U.S. population and CIs are estimated using the balanced repeated replication (BRR) method. Flavored pipe tobacco and dissolvable tobacco use were not assessed in youth. Results for dissolvable tobacco among adults are not presented due to small sample size, n < 50.

a

For any tobacco product use, new product users started to use any new product between Waves 1 and 2. This can include never users at Wave 1 who started tobacco use at Wave 2 and ever users at Wave 1 who reported use of a new product(s) at Wave 2. “Don’t know” and refused to answer for any part of the definition of ever use or any flavor use (see below) were excluded from the denominator. For product-specific use, new product users reported using the specific product for the first time between Waves 1 and 2. Unweighted n’s and unweighted percentages are presented for the following age groups (differing from weighted estimates provided in the table): Among the full sample of youth (n=12,172), n=1,441 (11.8%) were new product users, n=8,408 (69.1%) reported no new product use, and n=2,323 (19.1%) did not have information on new use between Wave 1 and Wave 2 (n=2,091 of these instances reflect aged-up youth who were not interviewed in Wave 1 and the remainder having missing data). Among the full sample of young adults (n=8,174), n=2,526 (30.9%) were new product users, n=5,611 (68.6%) reported no new product use, and n=37 (0.5%) did not have information on new use between Wave 1 and Wave 2. Among the full sample of adults (25+) (n=20,183), n=2,807 (13.9%) were new product users, n=17,243 (85.4%) reported no new product use, and n=133 (0.7%) did not provide information on new use between Wave 1 and Wave 2.

b

In the full sample of youth, weighted percentage of new product users between Wave 1 and Wave 2.

c

In the full sample of young adult, weighted percentage of new product users between Wave 1 and Wave 2.

d

In the full sample of adults (25+), weighted percentage of new product users between Wave 1 and Wave 2.

e

For any tobacco product, any flavor use is defined as any new product use that was “flavored to taste like menthol, mint, clove, spice, candy, fruit, chocolate, alcohol (such as wine or cognac), or other sweets”, among new product users (denominator). “No” or “I don’t know” was categorized as non-flavored use. “Don’t know” or refused to answer whether the first product was flavored were excluded from the denominator. Product-specific any flavor use is defined as using a first new product that was “flavored to taste like menthol, mint, clove, spice, candy, fruit, chocolate, alcohol (such as wine or cognac), or other sweets”, among New Product-specific Users (denominator). Any flavor use among new product users of pipe and dissolvable tobacco was not assessed in youth. For youth new product users (unweighted n, unweighted %) (n=1,441), n=79 (5.5%) did not report whether they had any flavor use between Wave 1 and Wave 2. For young adult new product users (n=2,526), n=70 (2.8%) did not report whether they had any flavor use between Wave 1 and Wave 2. For adult new product users (n=2,807), n=62 (2.2%) did not report whether they had any flavor use between Wave 1 and Wave 2.

f

For any tobacco product, first [flavor type] use (e.g., first menthol use), is defined as any new use of any product of that flavor type between Waves 1 and 2, among any flavor users (denominator). Product-specific first [flavor type] use is defined as any new use of that specific flavor and product between Waves 1 and 2, among product-specific any flavor users (denominator). Any flavor users could select all flavor types that applied.

g

Proportion of youth is significantly different from proportion of young adults at p<0.05

h

Proportion of youth is significantly different from proportion of adults (25+) at p<0.05

i

Proportion of young adults is significantly different from proportion of adults (25+) at p<0.05

*

Overall Pearson’s chi-square test is significant at the p<0.05 level

j

Youth are not asked questions about use of flavored pipe tobacco.

Source: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, Wave 2