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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Apr 25;212:108005. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108005

Table 5.

Multivariable segmented regression analysis accessing different substance use time trend before and after opioid agonist therapy initiation among 1107 people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Substance type Pre-treatment trend, per year increase Post-treatment trend, per year increase Compare trends
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) a P Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) b P P
Heroin 1.19 (1.12, 1.27) <0.001 0.80 (0.77, 0.83) <0.001 <0.001
Illicit prescription opioid 1.04 (0.99, 1.09) 0.149 0.87 (0.83, 0.90) <0.001 <0.001
Cocaine 0.85 (0.81, 0.90) <0.001 0.83 (0.80, 0.85) <0.001 0.297
Crack cocaine 0.96 (0.91, 1.03) 0.246 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) 0.546 0.207
Crystal methamphetamine 1.17 (1.08, 1.27) <0.001 1.13 (1.08, 1.19) <0.001 0.478
Cannabis 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) 0.142 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) 0.933 0.200
Daily alcohol 0.91 (0.84, 0.98) 0.016 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) 0.311 0.016
Benzodiazepines 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) <0.001 0.73 (0.67, 0.80) <0.001 0.026

CI confidence interval.

a

Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, unstable housing, employment status, incarceration, sex work involvement, drug dealing, and any other addiction treatment or services except for opioid agonist therapy, and year of study enrolment.

b

Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, unstable housing, employment status, incarceration, sex work involvement, drug dealing, any other addiction treatment or services except for opioid agonist therapy, year of study enrolment, and adherence to opioid agonist therapy.