Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with GDM according to postpartum glucose test results
| Variables | Women with OGTT post partum (n=112) |
GI (n=24) |
NGT (n=88) |
P value |
| Maternal age (years) | 31 (27–36) | 33.5 (30–36.25) | 30 (26–34) | 0.007 |
| <35 | 81 (72.3) | 13 (54.2) | 68 (77.3) | 0.025 |
| ≥35 | 31 (27.7) | 11 (45.8) | 20 (22.7) | |
| Gravidity | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 |
| Primigravida | 37 (33) | 4 (16.7) | 33 (37.5) | 0.054 |
| Multigravida | 75 (67) | 20 (83.3) | 55 (62.5) | |
| Previous history of GDM (n=74) | ||||
| Yes | 25 (33.8) | 8 (40) | 17 (31.5) | 0.49 |
| No | 49 (66.2) | 12 (60) | 37 (68.5) | |
| Family history of DM | ||||
| Yes | 23 (20.5) | 7 (29.2) | 16 (18.2) | 0.238 |
| No | 89 (79.5) | 17 (70.8) | 72 (81.8) | |
| MUAC (cm) | 26 (24–29) | 29 (25.75–30) | 25 (24–28) | 0.003 |
| <28 | 71 (63.4) | 7 (29.2) | 64 (72.7) | <0.001 |
| ≥28 | 41 (36.6) | 17 (70.8) | 24 (27.3) | |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure | 110 (104–120) | 110 (100–120) | 110 (104.75–120) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 70 (69.75–80) | 70 (70–80) | 70 (69–80) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) (n=109) | 12.6 (11–13.6) | 13 (12–14) | 12.3 (11–13,6) | <0.001 |
| Normal (haemoglobin ≥11 g/dL) | 89 (81.7) | 22 (91.7) | 67 (78.8) | 0.2328* |
| Anaemia (haemoglobin <11 g/dL) | 20 (18.3) | 2 (8.3) | 18 (21.2) | |
| Blood glucose level at diagnosis (mg/dL) | ||||
| FPG at GDM diagnosis OGTT | 105 (94–116) | 117 (107.75–120.25) | 101.5 (92–114) | 0.0004 |
| 1-hour PG at GDM diagnosis OGTT | 170 (150.8–178) | 170.5 (161.5–179) | 170 (150–178) | 0.2635 |
| 2-hour PG at GDM diagnosis OGTT | 144.5 (129–158) | 143.5 (132–153.5) | 145.5 (128.75–158) | 0.7577 |
| Gestational age at diagnosis (weeks) | 26 (25–27) | 26 (24–27) | 26 (25–27) | < 0.001 |
| 24–28 | 99 (88.4) | 20 (83.3) | 79 (89.8) | 0.4771* |
| ≥32 | 13 (11.6) | 4 (16.7) | 9 (10.2) | |
| Level of physical activity | ||||
| High | 18 (16.1) | 5 (20.8) | 13 (14.8) | 0.590 |
| Moderate | 28 (25) | 7 (29.2) | 21 (23.9) | |
| Low | 66 (58.9) | 12 (50) | 54 (61.4) | |
| Dietary diversity status | ||||
| Adequate | 24 (21.4) | 2 (8.3) | 22 (25) | 0.05973 |
| Inadequate | 88 (78.6) | 22 (91.7) | 66 (75) | |
| Antenatal depression | ||||
| Yes | 28 (25) | 10 (41.7) | 18 (20.5) | 0.033 |
| No | 84 (75) | 14 (58.3) | 70 (79.5) | |
| Insulin-treated GDM | ||||
| Yes | 7 (6.2) | 2 (8.3) | 5 (5.7) | 0.641 |
| No | 105 (93.8) | 22 (91.7) | 83 (94.3) |
Data are presented by n (%) or median (IQR).
*P value of Fisher exact test
DM, diabetes mellitus; FP, Plasma glucose; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GI, glucose intolerance; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.