Table 1.
Characteristics of patients (N=13 346)
| Characteristics | Finding* |
| Age, years, mean (95% CI) | 60.2 (60.1 to 60.3) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 8773 (65.7) |
| Female | 4573 (34.3) |
| Ethnic background | |
| White | 11 642 (87.2) |
| Mixed | 78 (0.6) |
| South Asian | 973 (7.3) |
| Black | 390 (2.9) |
| Chinese | 39 (0.3) |
| Others | 224 (1.7) |
| Region of UKB assessment center | |
| England | 11 963 (89.6) |
| Scotland | 816 (6.1) |
| Wales | 567 (4.3) |
| Townsend index, mean (95% CI) | −0.45 (−0.51 to −0.39) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (95% CI) | 31.7 (31.6 to 31.8) |
| Obesity | 7573 (56.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (95% CI) | 143.1 (142.8 to 143.4) |
| Hypertension | 7724 (57.9) |
| Smoking status | |
| Never | 5910 (44.3) |
| Previous | 6002 (45.0) |
| Current | 1434 (10.7) |
| Level of physical activity | |
| Low | 4757 (35.6) |
| Moderate | 4937 (37.0) |
| High | 3652 (27.4) |
| HbA1c, %, mean (95% CI) | 7.21 (7.19 to 7.23) |
| Duration of type 2 diabetes, years, mean (95% CI) | 8.2 (8.1 to 8.4) |
| Therapeutic regimen of type 2 diabetes | |
| Monotherapy | 7559 (56.6) |
| Combination therapy | 5787 (43.4) |
| Antidiabetic administrations | |
| Metformin | 11 175 (83.7) |
| Sulfonylurea | 4395 (32.9) |
| Glitazone | 1542 (11.6) |
| Meglitinide | 111 (0.8) |
| Other oral antidiabetics | 46 (0.3) |
| Insulin | 2772 (20.8) |
| Habitual sleep duration per day | |
| ≤6 hours | 3728 (27.9) |
| 7–8 hours | 7755 (58.1) |
| ≥9 hours | 1863 (14.0) |
| Snoring | 6099 (45.7) |
| Frequent daytime sleepiness | 975 (7.3) |
| Risk of OSA | |
| Low | 7778 (58.3) |
| High | 5568 (41.7) |
| Frequency of insomnia | |
| Never/rarely/sometimes | 8574 (64.2) |
| Usually | 4772 (35.8) |
*Data are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless otherwise indicated.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; UKB, UK Biobank.