Table 3. Clinical pathology, radiographic and echocardiographic parameters of 21 clinically healthy dogs (H) and 78 dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease grouped according to disease stages (B1, B2, C+D).
| Parameter | H | B1 | B2 | C+D | Overall P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BUN (mg/dl)1 | 22.4 (18–28.1) | 27.6 (23.3–32.8) | 33.9 (26.4–43.7) | 49.4 (39.9–61.1)**,°° | <0.001 |
| sCr (mg/dl)1 | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4)° | 0.009 |
| Phos (mg/dl)† | 3.5 (3.0–4.1) | 3.0 (2.5–3.4) | 3.1 (2.4–3.7) | 3.4 (2.9–3.9) | 0.354 |
| SDMA (μg/dl)†† | 12.0 (9.0–13.0) | 9.0 (8.0–13.0) | 13.0 (11.0–14.0) | 14.0 (11.8–22.5) | 0.010 |
| Na+ (mEq/l)† | 147.4 (145.0–149.8) | 148.2 (146.3–150.0) | 150.2 (147.4–153.0) | 150.9 (148.5–153.3) | 0.138 |
| K+(mEq/l)† | 4.4 (4.1–4.7) | 4.8 (4.6–5.0) | 4.8 (4.4–5.1) | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 0.129 |
| VHS† | 10.7 (10.0–11.4) | 10.4 (9.9–11.0) | 11.8 (11.2–12.4)° | 12.6 (12.1–13.1)**,°° | <0.001 |
| LA/Ao†† | 1.5 (1.4–1.5) | 1.5 (1.4–1.5) | 2.1 (1.9–2.6)**,°° | 2.6 (2.2–3.3)**,°° | <0.001 |
| N-LVIDd† | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 2.0 (1.9–2.1)**,°° | 2.1 (1.9–2.2)**,°° | <0.001 |
| MV E (cm/s) † | 67.1 (57.4–76.9) | 65.2 (57.7–72.7) | 114.8 (103.5–126.0)**,°° | 134.5 (125.1–143.8)**,°° | <0.001 |
| MV A (cm/s) † | 44.6 (34.1–55.1) | 66.0 (57.9–74.1) | 80.6 (68.5–92.7)** | 86.6 (75.3–97.8)** | <0.001 |
| MV E/A† | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0)°° | <0.001 |
| TR Vmax (m/s) † | NA | 2.6 (2.3–2.8) | 3.1 (2.8–3.4) | 3.1 (2.9–3.4)° | 0.003 |
| TRPG (mmHg) † | NA | 26.8 (20.9–32.7) | 40.4 (32.6–48.2) | 41.0 (34.6–47.2)° | 0.003 |
Data are expressed as mean (95% CI) or median (interquartile range), for normally or not-normally distributed data.
†Normally distributed data analyzed with ANOVA approach.
††Not-normally distributed data analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis non parametric test.
1 for back-transformed data, LS Means were reported with 95% CI.
* = P<0.008 with H;
** = P<0.001 with H.
° = P<0.008 with B1;
°° = P<0.001 with B1.
§ = P< 0.008 with B2;
§§ = P<0.001 with B2.
Abbreviations: H, clinically healthy dogs; B1, dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) belonging to B1 stage of severity according to ACVIM guidelines; B2, dogs with MMVD belonging to B2 stage of severity according to ACVIM guidelines; C+D, dogs with MMVD belonging to C and D stage of severity according to ACVIM guidelines; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; sCr, serum creatinine, Phos, serum phosphorus; SDMA, symmetric dimethylarginine; VHS, vertebral heart score; LA/Ao, left atrium to aorta ratio; N-LVIDd, left ventricular internal end diastolic diameter normalized to the body weight; MV E, mitral valve early diastolic velocity; MV A, mitral valve late diastolic velocity; TR Vmax, tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity; NA, Not available; TRPG, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient.