Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author | Location | Study Design | Surgical indication | Group | Patient number | Age Mean (SD) | Sex (M/F) | Follow up duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jespersen 2019 | Denmark | RCT | Spondylolisthesis | Teriparatide | 41 | 71(1.01) | 11/30 | 12 months |
| Placebo | 46 | 70(0.88) | 7/39 | |||||
| Sheng 2018 | China | RCT | Spondylolisthesis HIVD, Spinal stenosis | Zoledronic acid | 28 | 60.7(6.2) | 7/21 | 12 months |
| null | 28 | 63.1(4.9) | 10/18 | |||||
| Ide 2018 | Japan | RCT | Spinal stenosis | Teriparatide + denosumab | 8 | 73.2(2.7) | 3/5 | 12 months |
| Teriparatide | 8 | 75.0(2.4) | 0/8 | |||||
| Seki 2017 | Japan | Prospective | Vertebral fracture | Teriparatide | 33 | 72.5(5) | 0/33 | 24 months |
| Alendronate/ risedronate | 25 | 71.5(2) | 0/25 | |||||
| Ebata 2017 | Japan | RCT | Lumbar degenerative disease | Teriparatide | 36 | 72.6(7) | 0/36 | 6 months |
| null | 38 | 70.4(8) | 0/38 | |||||
| Cho 2017 | Korea | Prospective | Spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis | Teriparatide | 23 | 71.0(4.9) | 0/23 | 24 months |
| Alendronate | 24 | 68.2(8.4) | 0/24 | |||||
| Yagi 2016 | Japan | Prospective | Posterior long instrumented fusion | Teriparatide | 43 | 68.6(6.9) | 0/43 | 24 months |
| null | 33 | 66.7(6.9) | 0/33 | |||||
| Chen 2016 | China | RCT | Spondylolisthesis | zoledronic acid | 33 | 65(8) | 6/27 | 12 months |
| Saline | 36 | 63(7) | 7/29 | |||||
| Ohtori 2013 | Japan | RCT | Spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis | Teriparatide | 20 | 78(6.0) | 0/20 | 12 months |
| Risedronate | 20 | 75(5.0) | 0/20 | |||||
| Control | 22 | 77(5.8) | 0/22 | |||||
| Li 2012 | China | RCT | Non-specific | Zoledronic acid | 28 | 63.63(6.36) | 13/28 | 12 months |
| Saline | 25 | 63.83(5.7) | 16/25 | |||||
| Nagahama 2011 | Japan | RCT | Spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis | Alendronate | 19 | 70.3(8.6) | 1/18 | 12 months |
| null | 17 | 67.4(7.6) | 1/16 |
HIVD, herniated intervertebral disc; RCT, randomized clinical trial.