Fig 4. Immune modulatory effect of isolated compounds from Dendrobium lindleyi on LPS-stimulated human monocytes.

Immune modulatory effect of all five Dendrobium compounds on LPS-induced TNF (A,C) and IL-6 (B,D) expression of monocytes in vitro were evaluated. (A-B) Bar graphs show the mean frequency (%) of CD14^lo and CD14^hi monocytes, which express TNF and IL-6, compared to naïve monocytes (no LPS). This is an explorative screening experiment, in which each condition (or each concentration) was analyzed in duplicate, thus no variation was shown. (C-D) The X-Y graphs show the correlation between the frequency (%) of TNF- or IL-6-expressing CD14^hi or CD14^lo monocytes and the concentration of all five Dendrobium compounds (#1 - #5).