Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of overall participants and by trajectory
| Demographics and Baseline Clinical Data | Total Cohort (N = 531) | Mild-Brief (n = 90) | Severe-Rapid Recovers (n = 79) | Mild-Accelerating (n = 35) | Severe-Slow Recovers (n = 104) | Severe-Nonrecovers (n = 223) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | ||||||
| Age, yr | 60 ± 16 | 58 ± 16 | 59 ± 16 | 64 ± 15 | 59 ± 15 | 61 ± 16 |
| Years of education (n = 76 missing) | 11.4 ± 2.4 | 11.3 ± 2.2 | 11 ± 2.2 | 11.4 ± 2.8 | 11.4 ± 2.3 | 11.6 ± 2.6 |
| APACHE II | 20 ± 8.1 | 19.7 ± 8.7 | 19.1 ± 7.9 | 20.4 ± 9.0 | 19.6 ± 8.2 | 20.5 ± 7.8 |
| CCI | 3.2 ± 2.8 | 2.7 ± 2.5 | 3.2 ± 2.7 | 2.9 ± 3.7 | 3.1 ± 2.8 | 3.4 ± 2.9 |
| IQCODE | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.4* | 3.4 ± 0.6* | 3.2 ± 0.3* | 3.3 ± 0.5* |
| bADL | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 5.7 ± 0.9 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.5 |
| iADL | 6.1 ± 2.6 | 6.9 ± 2.0 | 6.0 ± 2.5* | 5.6 ± 2.7* | 6.5 ± 2.4* | 5.7 ± 2.8* |
| Days to delirium | 7.5 ± 7.0 | 6.2 ± 5.5 | 6.9 ± 5.8 | 11.3 ± 12.3* | 7.7 ± 7.2 | 7.3 ± 6.5 |
| Percentage (n) | ||||||
| Female | 55 (292) | 60 (54) | 48 (38) | 63 (22) | 51 (53) | 56 (125) |
| White | 53 (280) | 70 (62) | 57 (45) | 63 (22) | 50 (51) | 48 (107) |
| African American | 46 (241) | 30 (27) | 43 (34)* | 37 (13)* | 50 (52)* | 52 (115)* |
| ICU location | ||||||
| MICU | 68 (353) | 68 (76) | 71 (56) | 69 (24) | 63 (65) | 63 (140) |
| PICU | 10 (55) | 7 (8) | 10 (8) | 14 (5) | 10 (10) | 11 (25) |
| SICU | 23 (121) | 14 (16) | 19 (15) | 17 (6) | 27 (29) | 26 (57) |
| Admission diagnosis | ||||||
| Respiratory | 28 (148) | 30 (27) | 29 (23) | 26 (9) | 26 (27) | 28 (62) |
| AMS | 5 (27) | 6 (5) | 10 (8) | 3 (1) | 3 (3) | 4 (10) |
| Neurologic | 3 (17) | 6 (5) | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 3 (6) |
| Gastrointestinal | 9 (50) | 10 (9) | 6 (5) | 9 (3) | 13 (14) | 9 (19) |
| Resp + sepsis | 13 (70) | 13 (12) | 4 (3) | 17 (6) | 13 (13) | 16 (36) |
| Sepsis | 16 (84) | 13 (12) | 19 (15) | 23 (8) | 17 (18) | 15 (33) |
| Surgical | 5 (27) | 11 (10) | 6 (2) | 0 (0) | 8 (8) | 6 (136) |
| Trauma | 10 (53) | 4 (4) | 13 (10) | 9 (3) | 9 (9) | 13 (28) |
| Other | 10 (54) | 16 (14) | 13 (10) | 14 (5) | 9 (9) | 7 (16) |
| Ventilated at enrollment | 73 (390) | 67 (60) | 75 (59) | 54 (19)* | 79 (82) | 76 (170) |
Definition of abbreviations: AMS = altered mental status; APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; bADL = Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; iADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living questionnaire; ICU = intensive care unit; IQCODE = Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; MICU = medical ICU; PICU = progressive ICU; Resp = respiratory; SD = standard deviation; SICU = surgical ICU.
Analysis of variance: iADL (P = 0.001, F = 4.69), IQCODE (P < 0.001, F = 5.57), African American (P = 0.008, F = 3.45), days to study enrollment from ICU admission (P = 0.006, F = 3.67). Chi-square for binary. Statistical significance is noted as P < 0.05.
Indicates statistical significance between trajectories (the reference trajectory is mild-brief).