Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of the study participants
| Total Cohort (N = 531) | Mild-Brief (n = 90) | Severe-Rapid Recovers (n = 79) | Mild-Accelerating (n = 35) | Severe-Slow Recovers (n = 104) | Severe-Nonrecovers (n = 223) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical assessments | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | ||||||
| CAM-ICU-7 | 3.8 ± 2.8 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 1.0* | 2.2 ± 0.9* | 3.9 ± 0.9* | 5.9 ± 1.0* |
| Variation in CAM-ICU-7 | 4.0 ± 3.6 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 6.3 ± 3.5* | 4.6 ± 3.3* | 7.5 ± 2.8* | 2.5 ± 2.6* |
| RASS | −1.5 ± 1.3 | −0.2 ± 0.3 | −0.8 ± 0.6* | −1.0 ± 0.8* | −1.6 ± 0.7* | −2.4 ± 1.2* |
| Daily clinical profile | ||||||
| Ventilation days | 1.5 ± 1.8 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.9* | 0.7 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.7* | 2.3 ± 1.9* |
| Bladder catheter days | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 1.7 ± 1.7 | 2.9 ± 1.5* | 3.1 ± 1.9* | 4.5 ± 1.4* | 4.5 ± 1.9* |
| Restraint days | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 0.3 ± 1.6 | 1.1 ± 1.1* | 0.7 ± 1.2* | 2.5 ± 1.7* | 3.0 ± 2.1* |
| Additional symptoms, % (n) | 17 (91) | 15 (14) | 12 (11) | 7 (6) | 21 (19) | 45 (41) |
| Unsafe behavior, % (n) | 15 (77) | 5 (4) | 13 (10) | 5 (4) | 18 (14) | 58 (45)* |
Definition of abbreviations: CAM-ICU-7 = Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit 7; RASS = Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale; SD = standard deviation.
Shown are the descriptive statistics for the twice-daily clinical assessments, which included delirium severity assessments (CAM-ICU-7), variation in CAM-ICU-7 score (calculated as the average of the squared differences from the mean, illustrating the spread of the delirium severity scores), sedation (RASS), additional symptoms (observation or patient report of hallucinations, delusions, excessive physical agitation, verbose language, or uncooperativeness), unsafe behavior (observation or nurse report of patient pulling at tubes/lines, trying to get out of bed, or need for restraints), the presence of a bladder catheter, restraint, or mechanical ventilation. Multinomial regression examined the relationships between trajectory membership and twice-daily clinical assessments and clinical profile. Age, sex, race, illness severity, Charlson comorbidity index, and baseline cognition and function (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) were added as covariates to the models, and the adjusted P value is displayed.
In row indicates statistical significance (adjusted) between trajectories, reference trajectory is mild-brief, P < 0.05.