Table 1.
Patient characteristics at hospital presentation (n = 267)
| Variable | Values | n |
|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), yr | 66 (54–74) | 267 |
| Sex, n (%) | 267 | |
| Male | 193 (72) | — |
| Female | 74 (28) | — |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 29 (25–33) | 264 |
| Race, n (%) | 216 | |
| White | 94 (44) | — |
| Other | 58 (27) | — |
| Asian | 35 (16) | — |
| Black | 29 (13) | — |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 166 | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 111 (67) | — |
| Hispanic or Latino | 55 (33) | — |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 267 | |
| No | 187 (70) | — |
| Former smoker | 73 (27) | — |
| Active smoker | 7 (2.6) | — |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 267 | |
| CAD | 47 (18) | — |
| DM | 86 (32) | — |
| HTN | 167 (63) | — |
| CVA | 18 (6.7) | — |
| Active cancer | 14 (5.2) | — |
| Cirrhosis | 4 (1.5) | — |
| History of transplant | 10 (3.7) | — |
| Renal disease | 26 (9.7) | — |
| Pulmonary disease | 65 (24) | — |
| Immunosuppressed | 7 (2.6) | — |
| Home medications, n (%) | 267 | |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme | 88 (33) | — |
| NSAID | 77 (29) | — |
| Statin | 108 (40) | — |
| ED course, n (%) | — | |
| Supplemental O2 in first 3 h in ED | 214 (80) | 267 |
| Initial chest X-ray, n (%) | 266 | |
| Bilateral infiltrates | 228 (86) | — |
| Unilateral infiltrates | 21 (7.9) | — |
| Clear | 13 (4.9) | — |
| Pleural effusion | 2 (0.8) | — |
| Other | 2 (0.8) | — |
| Laboratory values at presentation, median (IQR) | — | |
| White blood cell count, 1,000/mm3 | 8.2 (6.0–11.7) | 257 |
| Lymphocyte count, 1,000/mm3 | 0.75 (0.53–1.05) | 243 |
| D-dimer, ng/ml | 494 (306–926) | 160 |
| Ferritin, ng/ml | 1,018 (569–1,544) | 181 |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 200 (102–390) | 150 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 532 (408–684) | 218 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 160 (110–238) | 199 |
| ICU interventions, n (%) | 267 | |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 161 (60) | — |
| Prone positioning performed | 108 (40) | — |
| Renal replacement therapy | 54 (20) | — |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 51 (19) | — |
| Inpatient medications, n (%) | 267 | |
| Antibiotics | 240 (90) | — |
| Steroids | 146 (55) | — |
| Tocilizumab | 28 (10) | — |
| Vasopressors | 254 (95) | — |
| Remdesivir (or placebo) | 30 (11) | — |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 246 (92) | — |
| IVIG in hospital | 6 (2.2) | — |
| Duration of ventilation by outcome, median (IQR) | ||
| Ventilator days (currently intubated) | 18 (14–24) | 141 |
| Ventilator days (extubated) | 10 (6–15) | 77 |
| Ventilator days (deceased) | 8 (4–13) | 49 |
Definition of abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; CVA = cerebral vascular accident; DM = diabetes mellitus; ED = emergency department; HTN = hypertension; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range; IVIG = intravenous immunoglubulin; NSAID = nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.