Table 2.
Association of Demographics, HIV Risk Factors, Baseline Laboratory Results, and Companion ARV With Virological Failure Incidence per 100 Person-Years
| Variable | No. of PWH | Person-Years | No. of VF | No. of VF/100 Person-Years | Unadjusted HRa (95% CI) | Adjusted HRb,c (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||||
| 10-y decrement | 1.13 (1.12–1.15) | 1.26 (1.24–1.28) | ||||
| Gender | ||||||
| M | 2103 | 7030 | 188 | 2.67 | Ref | |
| F | 212 | 691 | 26 | 3.76 | 1.40 (0.93–2.11) | 1.18 (0.697–2.01) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 960 | 3358 | 71 | 2.11 | Ref | |
| Non-Caucasian | 1274 | 4150 | 136 | 3.28 | 1.53 (1.15–2.03) | 1.33 (0.97–1.84) |
| HIV acquisition risk | ||||||
| MSM | 1398 | 4774 | 118 | 2.47 | Ref | |
| Non-MSM | 830 | 2664 | 82 | 3.08 | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) | 1.12 (0.79–1.57) |
| CD4 count, cells/μL | ||||||
| ≥500 | 668 | 2095 | 31 | 1.48 | Ref | |
| 300–500 | 755 | 2686 | 63 | 2.35 | 1.64 (1.06–2.52) | 1.35 (0.85–2.14) |
| <300 | 838 | 2789 | 114 | 4.09 | 2.81 (1.89–4.19) | 2.08 (1.32–3.27) |
| VL, log copies/mL | ||||||
| <4.0 | 501 | 1834 | 24 | 1.31 | Ref | |
| 4.0–5.0 | 1086 | 3725 | 101 | 2.71 | 2.05 (1.31–3.20) | 2.10 (1.28–3.44) |
| ≥5.0 | 682 | 2041 | 83 | 4.07 | 2.98 (1.89–4.70) | 2.95 (1.74–5.0) |
| TDR | ||||||
| No | 1995 | 6734 | 186 | 2.76 | Ref | |
| Yes | 320 | 987 | 28 | 2.84 | 0.99 (0.67–1.49) | 0.97 (0.60–1.55) |
| Companion drug | ||||||
| Efavirenz | 588 | 2570 | 69 | 2.68 | Ref | |
| Elvitegravir/c | 580 | 1603 | 35 | 2.18 | 0.72 (0.47–1.07) | 0.65 (0.41–1.03) |
| Dolutegravir | 355 | 756 | 22 | 2.91 | 0.87 (0.53–1.41) | 0.90 (0.54–1.52) |
| b-darunavir | 213 | 739 | 28 | 3.79 | 1.33 (0.85–2.06) | 1.06 (0.65–1.71) |
| Rilpivirine | 222 | 836 | 17 | 2.03 | 0.72 (0.43–1.23) | 0.95 (0.53–1.69) |
| Raltegravir | 202 | 774 | 16 | 2.07 | 0.75 (0.44–1.29) | 0.87 (0.49–1.54) |
| b-atazanavir | 66 | 176 | 15 | 8.52 | 2.83 (1.61–4.96) | 2.37 (1.26–4.47) |
| Lopinavir/r | 15 | 31 | 3 | 9.68 | 3.23 (1.01–10.3) | 3.08 (0.72–13.3) |
| Nevirapine | 13 | 34 | 2 | 5.88 | 2.02 (0.50–8.26) | 3.02 (0.73–12.5) |
| Etravirine | 6 | 28 | 2 | 7.14 | 2.68 (0.66–10.9) | 1.43 (0.20–10.4) |
Variables associated with a significantly increased or decreased risk of virological failure per 100 person-years are indicated in boldface type.
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; MSM, men who have sex with men; PWH, people with HIV; TDR, transmitted drug resistance; VL, virus load (plasma HIV-1 RNA log copies/mL).
aUnadjusted HRs derived from univariate Cox regression analysis.
bAdjusted HRs derived from multivariable Cox regression.
cFor the variables age, gender, TDR, and companion drug, there were no missing values. For the remaining 4 variables, baseline CD4 cell counts, baseline virus load, race/ethnicity, and HIV acquisition risk factor, the missing values varied between 1.5% and 4.1%. Thus, the multivariable Cox regression model was based on 89.5% (n = 2072) of the cohort.