TABLE 11.

Dosage: Comparing Children With 1 or 2 Years of Head Start in Propensity-Score Matched Samples: FACES 2006, FACES 2009, and HSIS

	FACES 2006				FACES 2009				HSIS
	Head Start Exit		Spring Kindergarten		Head Start Exit		Spring Kindergarten		Head Start Exit		Spring Kindergarten
	B (SE)	d	B (SE)	d	B (SE)	d	B (SE)	d	B (SE)	d	B (SE)	d
Language: PPVTa	3.61*** (0.96)	.16	2.77** (0.85)	.15	3.49*** (.85)	.17	1.88* (0.92)	.10	0.07 (0.55)	.00	1.15+ (0.63)	.08
Literacy: WJ Letter Worda	6.00* (1.87)	.14	2.74 (1.96)	.08	3.61* (1.48)	.11	3.94* (1.79)	.10	2.36** (0.85)	.16	2.06* (1.05)	.14
Math: WJ Applied Problemsa	1.49 (1.25)	.06	1.64 (1.53)	.07	0.30 (0.48)	.08	−0.02 (0.49)	−.00	0.28 (0.76)	.02	1.04 (1.02)	.07
Social skillsb	0.44 (0.31)	.08	0.03 (0.37)	.01	−0.22 (0.36)	−.03	−0.34 (0.47)	−.04
Behavior problemsb	−0.37 (0.38)	−.06	−0.21 (0.59)	−.02	−0.22 (0.36)	−.03	−0.34 (0.47)	−.04	−0.22 (0.65)	−.01	−0.39 (0.61)	−.03

Note. FACES 2006 = Family and Child Experiences Survey-2006; FACES 2009 = Family and Child Experiences Survey-2009; HSIS = Head Start Impact Study; WJ = Woodcock Johnson.

⁺.05 < p < .1

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.

Estimates are weighted. Covariates include corresponding pretest score, child age, gender, race/ethnicity, household language, poverty ratio, maternal education, employment, and depressive symptoms, household mobility, and neighborhood safety. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation (N = 10). Children in Head Start for 2 years were matched with those in Head Start for one year based on propensity scores estimated from baseline characteristics and scores (nearest neighbor matching with replacement).

^aControlled for baseline (fall of first year) standard scores on corresponding measures.

^bDid not control for baseline scores.