TABLE 1A.
Comparing Child and Family Characteristics in Unmatched and Matched FACES Samples
| FACES 2006 |
FACES 2009 |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before Matching |
After Matching |
Not Matched |
Before Matching |
After Matching |
Not Matched |
||||||||||
| 2 Years in Head Start | 1 Year in Head Start | t-Test | 2 Years in Head Start | 1 Year in Head Start | t-Test | 1 Year in Head Start | 2 Years in Head Start | 1 Year in Head Start | t-Test | 2 Years in Head Start | 1 Year in Head Start | t-Test | 1 Year in Head Start | ||
| Gender (Boy) | % | 51.38 | 53.46 | 51.05 | 56.32 | 51.62 | 51.38 | 47.96 | 51.31 | 47.78 | 47.64 | ||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||||||
| European-Am | % | 22.17 | 27.32 | * | 22.42 | 24.79 | 26.93 | 22.77 | 22.77 | 22.8 | 20.15 | 24.43 | |||
| Black | % | 43.54 | 28.44 | *** | 42.83 | 46.6 | 20.32 | 43.87 | 35.22 | *** | 43.79 | 42.22 | 30 | ||
| Hispanic | % | 25.19 | 35 | *** | 25.62 | 20.14 | 43.42 | 24.55 | 34.61 | *** | 24.59 | 28.91 | 38.82 | ||
| Asian | % | 1.04 | 1.71 | 1.06 | 0.81 | 2.14 | 1.76 | 1.86 | 1.76 | 2.25 | 1.67 | ||||
| Other | % | 7.99 | 7.53 | 8.01 | 8.14 | 6.5 | 7.05 | 5.45 | 7.06 | 6.06 | 4.99 | ||||
| Child with a disability diagnosis | % | 5.74 | 4.75 | 5.7 | 5.61 | 4.20 | 3.24 | 2.62 | 3.24 | 3.66 | 2.17 | ||||
| Household language (not English) | 13.71 | 28.02 | *** | 13.93 | 12.41 | 37.91 | 14.82 | 22.62 | *** | 14.84 | 17.31 | 26.62 | |||
| Poverty ratio | 2.74 | 2.78 | 2.74 | 2.71 | 2.84 | 2.58 | 2.56 | 2.57 | 2.56 | 2.55 | |||||
| Maternal education | |||||||||||||||
| <High school | % | 30.78 | 35.7 | * | 30.78 | 30.03 | 39.47 | 25.64 | 33.74 | *** | 25.68 | 27.11 | 38.07 | ||
| High school/GED | % | 32.76 | 34.22 | 32.41 | 37.5 | 30.97 | 39.77 | 36.92 | 39.81 | 40.7 | 34.9 | ||||
| Some college | % | 29.96 | 24.54 | * | 30.42 | 27.94 | 23.76 | 28.34 | 23.98 | 28.27 | 25.58 | 22.66 | |||
| BA+ | % | 6.82 | 6.28 | 6.73 | 5.89 | 6.33 | 6.59 | 5.58 | 6.58 | 6.72 | 4.46 | ||||
| Maternal employment | % | 56.89 | 50.86 | * | 56.75 | 57.35 | 47.31 | 52.8 | 52.02 | 52.81 | 50.95 | 52.15 | |||
| Maternal depressive symptoms | 5.76 | 5.09 | * | 5.67 | 6.08 | 4.49 | 5.05 | 4.93 | 5.06 | 5 | 4.89 | ||||
| Single parent | % | 48.62 | 48.33 | 48.89 | 51.22 | 46.85 | 54.2 | 50.71 | 54.23 | 50.18 | 51.42 | ||||
| Household mobility | % | 22.85 | 23.44 | 22.72 | 19.37 | 24.74 | 40.53 | 50.32** | 40.59 | 37 | 60.04 | ||||
| Neighborhood safety | M | 12.9 | 12.52 | 12.52 | 14.04 | 12.1 | 10.48 | 10.78 | 10.49 | 9.49 | 11.67 | ||||
| Pretest scores | |||||||||||||||
| PPVT standard score | M | 85.55 | 82.87 | *** | 85.54 | 85.47 | 81.08 | 86.69 | 85.52 | 86.7 | 85.49 | 85.48 | |||
| WJ letter word identification | M | 93.55 | 92.22 | 93.52 | 94.28 | 91.31 | 96.64 | 94.21** | 96.57 | 96 | 93.09 | ||||
| WJ spelling | M | 98.35 | 90.45 | *** | 97.82 | 96.5 | 87.54 | 95.18 | 94.52 | 95.15 | 94.51 | 94.45 | |||
| WJ applied problems | M | 92.2 | 83.99 | *** | 91.69 | 90.63 | 80.55 | 87.26 | 87.13 | 87.26 | 86.09 | 87.71 | |||
| Sample size | 822–868 | 759–810 | 809–854 | 377–404 | 383–406 | 737–796 | 741–809 | 736–795 | 391–433 | 349–376 | |||||
Note. FACES 2006 = Family and Child Experiences Survey-2006; FACES 2009 = Family and Child Experiences Survey-2009; PPVT = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; WJ = Woodcock Johnson. Children enrolled in Head Start for two years were matched to those enrolled in Head Start for one year based on propensity scores using nearest neighbor matching with replacement.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.