TABLE 1B.
Descriptive Statistics For the Matched and Unmatched Child Samples: HSIS
| HSIS |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before Matching |
After Matching |
Not Matched |
||||||
| 2 Years in Head Start | 1 Year in Head Start | t-Test | 2 Years in Head Start | 1 Year in Head Start | t-Test | 1 Year in Head Start | ||
| Gender (Boy) | % | 48.57 | 50.97 | 48.88 | 50.84 | 48.49 | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| European American | % | 31.16 | 35.14 | 29.69 | 29.55 | 33.48 | ||
| Black | % | 35.78 | 19.69 | *** | 36.28 | 36.56 | 32.92 | |
| Hispanic | % | 33.06 | 45.17 | *** | 34.03 | 33.89 | 33.59 | |
| Child Disability | % | 14.56 | 13.64 | 14.57 | 13.17 | 10.94 | ||
| Household language (not English) | % | 26.8 | 37.71 | *** | 24.93 | 24.09 | 26.28 | |
| Maternal education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | % | 33.61 | 42.21 | *** | 33.61 | 31.23 | 36.89 | |
| High school/GED | % | 34.56 | 31.4 | 34.31 | 35.71 | 33.42 | ||
| Beyond high school | % | 31.84 | 26.38 | * | 32.07 | 33.05 | 29.69 | |
| Maternal depressive symptoms | % | 19.86 | 21.75 | 20.44 | 21.57 | 19.25 | ||
| Mother teenaged at birth | % | 13.61 | 17.63 | * | 14.01 | 13.59 | 16.02* | |
| Mother married | % | 44.08 | 45.69 | 42.72 | 43.42 | 45.65 | ||
| Both biological parents in household | % | 50.34 | 52.77 | 49.16 | 49.3 | 49.55 | ||
| Mother recent immigrant | % | 14.83 | 23.81 | *** | 14.15 | 14.43 | 17.13* | |
| Urban location | % | 82.86 | 85.07 | 82.35 | 81.93 | 82.92 | ||
| Pretest scores | ||||||||
| PPVT | M | 91.4 | 90.85 | 91.4 | 91.78 | 91.83 | ||
| WJ letter word ID | M | 91.52 | 92.28 | 91.52 | 91.94 | 91.2 | ||
| WJ applied problems | M | 90.11 | 90.02 | 90.11 | 89.67 | 89.69 | ||
| Sample size | N | 807 | 918 | 777 | 735 | 141 | ||
| Mother teenaged at birth | 13.61 | 17.63* | 14.01 | 13.59 | 16.02* | |||
| Mother married | 44.08 | 45.69 | 42.72 | 43.42 | 45.65 | |||
| Biological parents live together | 50.34 | 52.77 | 49.16 | 49.3 | 49.55 | |||
| Mother recent immigrant | 14.83 | 23.81*** | 14.15 | 14.43 | 17.13* | |||
| Urban location | 82.86 | 85.07 | 82.35 | 81.93 | 82.92 | |||
| Pretest scores | ||||||||
| PPVT standard score | 91.4 | 90.85 | 91.4 | 91.78 | 91.83 | |||
| WJ letter word identification standard score | 91.52 | 92.28 | 91.52 | 91.94 | 91.2 | |||
| WJ applied problems standard score | 90.11 | 90.02 | 90.11 | 89.67 | 89.69 | |||
| Sample size | 807 | 918 | 777 | 735 | 141 | |||
Note. HSIS = Head Start Impact Study; PPVT = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; WJ = Woodcock Johnson. Children enrolled in Head Start for two years were matched to those enrolled in Head Start for one year based on propensity scores using nearest neighbor matching with replacement.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.