Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants in Diagnostic Accuracy Study
| COVID-19+ |
COVID-19− |
pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 24 | n = 21 | ||
| Male sex (%) | 14 (58.3) | 9 (42.9) | 0.30b |
| Median age, y (IQR) | 73.5 (54.0–86.5) | 63.0 (41.0–72.0) | 0.03 |
| Influenza-like illness with documented fever | 20 (83.3) | 17 (81.0) | 0.84 |
| Clinical or radiological evidence of pneumonia | 10 (41.7) | 7 (33.3) | 0.57 |
| Immunosuppressed | 0.053 | ||
| Yes | 1 (4.2) | 5 (23.8) | – |
| No | 23 (95.8) | 16 (76.2) | – |
| Cardiovascular disease | 6 (25.0) | 2 (9.5) | 0.25 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 5 (20.8) | 6 (28.6) | 0.73 |
| Chronic renal disease | 4 (16.7) | 2 (9.5) | 0.67 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (25.0) | 3 (14.3) | 0.47 |
| Median SpO2, % (IQR) | 95.0 (92.5–96.0) | 96.0 (94.0–98.0) | 0.09 |
| Median FiO2, % (IQR) | 0.21 (0.21–0.24) | 0.21 (0.21–0.21) | 0.40 |
| Median PaO2, kPa (IQR) | 5.0 (3.0–9.1) | 7.2 (3.8–9.0) | 0.30 |
| Median PaO2:FiO2 (IQR) | 20.5 (13.3–32.9) | 30.9 (18.1–36.2) | 0.09 |
| Median respiratory rate, breaths/min (IQR) | 22.0 (19.0–27.5) | 20.0 (17.0–23.0) | 0.06 |
| Median heart rate, beats/min (IQR) | 86.0 (77.5–99.5) | 88.0 (78.0–107.0) | 0.44 |
| Median systolic BP, mmHg (IQR) | 139.5 (117.5–149.0) | 135.0 (119.0–152.0) | 0.90 |
| Median duration of illness, days (IQR) | 7 (1–8) | 10 (3–14) | 0.10 |
| Median Hb, g/dL (IQR) | 12.9 (12.0–13.8) | 13.1 (11.6–14.1) | 0.46 |
| Median WCC, ×109/L (IQR) | 7.0 (5.0–8.0) | 9.0 (7.0–14.0) | 0.08 |
| Median lymphocyte count, ×109/L (IQR) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.5) | 0.12 |
| Median platelet count, ×109/L (IQR) | 213.5 (188.5–303.5) | 271.0 (186.0–305.0) | 0.59 |
| Median ferritin, μg/L (IQR) | 684.7 (206.2–1059.1) | 112.3 (49.6–323.6) | 0.02 |
| Median CRP, mg/L (IQR) | 72.0 (28.5–214.5) | 12 (4.0–53.0) | 0.004 |
| Median procalcitonin, ng/mL (IQR) | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.03 |
| Radiological findings | <0.001b | ||
| Normal | 2 (8.3) | 9 (42.9) | – |
| Indeterminate | 4 (16.7) | 3 (14.3) | – |
| Classic | 18 (75.0) | 3 (14.3) | – |
| Non-COVID | 0 (0.0) | 6 (28.5) | – |
COVID-19 status is based on composite reference standard test of nose/throat swab SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR + serum neutralization of pseudovirus-bearing SARS-CoV-2 Spike. BP, blood pressure; Hb, hemoglobin; WCC, white blood cell count.
a
Wilcoxon rank-sum test used except where indicated.
b
Chi-square test.