Table 2. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms, asthma, and respiratory disease in individuals of normal weight, overweight individuals, and obese individuals, by smoking status.
| Prevalence | Normal weight | Overweight | Obesity | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 274) | (n = 436) | (n = 316) | ||
| Chronic cough, n (%) | 34 (12.4) | 42 (9.6) | 43 (13.6) | 0.2 |
| Nonsmokers | 6 (4.7) | 16 (6.7) | 18 (10.1) | 0.1 |
| Smokers/Former smokers | 28 (19.2) | 26 (13.2) | 25 (18.1) | 0.2 |
| Chronic expectoration, n (%) | 28 (10.2) | 31 (7.1) | 32 (10.1) | 0.2 |
| Nonsmokers | 2 (1.6) | 9 (3.8) | 14 (7.9) | 0.02 |
| Smokers/Former smokers | 26 (17.8) | 22 (11.2) | 18 (13.0) | 0.2 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 48 (17.9) | 98 (22.5) | 113 (35.5) | < 0.001 |
| Nonsmokers | 13 (10.2) | 44 (18.4) | 56 (31.5) | < 0.001 |
| Smokers/Former smokers | 35 (24.0) | 53 (26.9) | 59 (42.8) | < 0.001 |
| Wheezing in the last year, n (%) | 40 (14.6) | 52 (11.9) | 81 (25.6) | < 0.001 |
| Nonsmokers | 10 (7.8) | 15 (6.3) | 38 (21.3) | < 0.001 |
| Smokers/Former smokers | 30 (20.5) | 37 (18.8) | 43 (31.2) | < 0.001 |
| Any respiratory symptom, n (%)a | 90 (22.0) | 162 (37.2) | 158 (50.0) | < 0.001 |
| Nonsmokers | 24 (18.8) | 70 (29.3) | 77 (43.3) | < 0.001 |
| Smokers/Former smokers | 66 (45.2) | 92 (46.7) | 81 (58.7) | 0.04 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 22 (8.0) | 43 (9.9) | 51 (16.1) | 0.004 |
| Nonsmokers | 9 (7.0) | 20 (8.4) | 25 (14.0) | 0.07 |
| Smokers/Former smokers | 13 (8.9) | 23 (11.7) | 26 (18.8) | 0.04 |
| Rhinitis, n (%) | 60 (21.9) | 64 (34.8) | 60 (32.6) | 0.04 |
| Nonsmokers | 35 (27.3) | 31 (13.0) | 29 (16.3) | 0.002 |
| Smokers/Former smokers | 25 (17.1) | 33 (16.8) | 31 (22.5) | 0.4 |
| COPD, n (%) | 31 (11.3) | 36 (8.3) | 20 (6.3) | 0.09 |
| Nonsmokers | 2 (1.6) | 11 (4.6) | 6 (3.4) | 0.3 |
| Smokers/Former smokers | 29 (19.9) | 25 (12.7) | 14 (10.1) | 0.04 |
a
Any respiratory symptom: dyspnea, wheezing in the last year, chronic cough, or chronic expectoration.