Article	Topic	Sample	Dependent variable(s)	Number of items in DV	Did a backfire occur? / In what subgroup
Skurnik et al. (unpublished manuscript, 2007)a	Vaccines	Unknown	Intent to vaccinate	Appears to be 1 item (although exact details unavailable).	Yes: 30-minute delay after corrections presented
Cameron et al. (2013)	Vaccines	105 community sample	Knowledge	15 items (composite)	No
			Accuracy of veracity recall	8 items (composite)	No
Rich and Zaragoza (2016)	Exp 1: Fictitious story about a warehouse fire	328 universitystudents	Inference questions (references to the misinformation)	10 items (composite)	No
	Exp 2: Fictitious story about a warehouse fire	338 university students and online participants	Inference questions (references to the misinformation)	10 items (composite)	No
Berinsky (2017)b	Exp 1: Death panels	699 representative online participants	Belief	2 items (analyzed individually)	No
			Support for health care plan	1 item	No (Backlash mentioned, but Democratic correction is not statistically different from control)
Ecker et al. (2017)	Fictional news reports (e.g. about a wildfire)	60 university students	Inference questions (references to the misinformation)	7 items (composite)	No
Pluviano et al. (2017)	Vaccines	120 university students	Agreement that vaccines cause autism	1 item	Yes: Myth vs Fact correction condition, after 7 days
			Belief in vaccine side effects	1 item	Yes: Fear correction, immediately and after 7 days
			Intent to vaccinate	1 item	Yes: Myth vs Fact correction condition, after 7 days
Swire, Ecker et al. (2017)	Exp 1: Range of topics	93 university students	Belief	40 items (composite of 20 myths and 20 facts)	No
	Exp 2: Wide range of topics	109 older adult community sample	Belief	40 items (composite of 20 myths and 20 facts)	No
Carnahan and Garrett (2019)	Exp 1: Electronic health records	344 online participants	Belief	7 items (composite)	No
	Exp 2: Genetically modified foods	486 online participants	Belief	7 items (composite)	No
Ecker et al. (2019)	Exp 1: Range of topics	531 online participants	Belief	12 items (composite of 6 false and 6 true)	No
	Exp 2: Range of topics	369 online participants	Belief	12 items (composite of 6 false and 6 true)	No
Pennycook et al. (2018)c	Exp 2: Various fake news headlines	949 online participants	Accuracy	24 items (4 composites of 6 items)	No
	Exp 3: Various fake news headlines	940 online participants	Accuracy	24 items (6 composites of 4)	No
Pluviano et al. (2019)	Vaccines	60 parents	Agreement that vaccines cause autism	1 item	Yes: After 7 days
			Belief in vaccine side effects	1 item	Yes: After 7 days
			Intent to vaccinate	1 item	No