Table 2.

Cytokine levels (in pg/mL, median and range) after stimulation with PW, Con A and PHA in the supernatant from mothers’ peripheral mononuclear cell cultures.

		HIV uninfected control (n = 72)	HIV infected HAART treated (n = 122)	P value Control vs treated
IL-2	Con	3.5 (0–13,822)	0.0 (0–17,056)	0.32
	PW	3.3 (0–1718)	0.0 (0–9060)	0.28
	PHA	0.2 (0–5064)	0.0 (0–105.5)	0.58
TNF-α	Con	257.4 (11–5707)	33.6 (0–13,895)	0.11
	PW	169.8 (5.9–13,633)	59.6 (2.3–17,097)	0.30
	PHA	149.6 (5.8–24,325)	131.1 (0–12,933)	0.54
IFN-γ	Con	21.0 (0–4009)	1.1 (0–14,636)	0.04*
	PW	26.7 (15,985)	5.3 (0–17,673)	0.01*
	PHA	10.4 (0–17,673)	3.7 (0–8586)	0.01*
IL-4	Con	3.7 (0–18,379)	0.0 (0–11,070)	0.03*
	PW	0.0 (0–18,379)	0.0 (0–16,213)	0.24
	PHA	0.0 (0–16,213)	0.0 (0–16,213)	0.37
IL-10	Con	14.4 (0–19,577)	0.0 (0–12,960)	0.002*
	PW	12.8 (0–19,577)	0.0 (0–8486)	0.001*
	PHA	8.2 (0–13,945)	2.0 (0–1208)	0.02*

IL, interleukin; IFN-γ, interon gamma; TNF-α, tissue necrosis factor alpha; Con A, concanavalin A; PW, pokeweed; PHA, phytohymaglutinin A; vs, versus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.

*Significant value set at (P < 0.05).