Table 2.
Differences in Stress and Symptom Scores Between the Stress Groups
| Characteristica | Total Sample |
Nonstressed Group |
Stressed Group |
Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
n = 187 |
68.4% (n = 128) |
31.6% (n = 59) |
||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Stress scores | ||||
| IES-R—total score (≥24) | 18.6 (14.8) | 10.2 (6.9) | 36.9 (10.1) | t = −18.43; P < 0.001 |
| IES-R—intrusion subscale | 0.9 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.6) | t = −15.56; P < 0.001 |
| IES-R—avoidance subscale | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) | t = −13.22; P < 0.001 |
| IES-R—hyperarousal subscale | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.7) | t = −13.92; P < 0.001 |
| Perceived Stress Scale (≥14.0) | 14.6 (7.3) | 12.0 (6.1) | 20.2 (6.7) | t = −8.20; P < 0.001 |
| CDRS | 29.9 (6.4) | 31.4 (5.8) | 26.6 (6.5) | t = 5.07; P < 0.001 |
| SIS (≤9 is social isolation; 10–15 at risk for social isolation) | 23.3 (4.1) | 24.0 (3.7) | 21.8 (4.7) | t = 3.15; P = 0.002 |
| UCLA Loneliness Scale (≥36) | 37.5 (10.8) | 35.0 (9.3) | 42.8 (11.9) | t = −4.82; P < 0.001 |
| COST | 31.3 (10.1) | 32.4 (9.8) | 29.1 (10.7) | t = 2.04; P = 0.043 |
| Symptom scores | ||||
| CES-D (≥16) | 14.5 (10.0) | 10.8 (7.7) | 22.4 (9.8) | t = −8.02; P < 0.001 |
| Trait anxiety (≥31.8) | 36.0 (10.7) | 32.5 (8.5) | 43.4 (11.3) | t = −6.60; P < 0.001 |
| State anxiety (≥32.2) | 34.5 (12.6) | 30.6 (10.3) | 42.7 (13.2) | t = −6.22; P < 0.001 |
| GSDS (≥43.0) | 50.2 (21.4) | 45.6 (19.7) | 60.1 (21.8) | t = −4.54; P < 0.001 |
| Morning fatigue (≥3.2) | 3.4 (2.5) | 2.8 (2.3) | 4.8 (2.4) | t = −5.5; P < 0.001 |
| Evening fatigue (≥5.6) | 5.0 (2.2) | 4.6 (2.1) | 5.7 (2.2) | t = −3.09; P = 0.002 |
| Morning energy (≤6.2) | 5.0 (2.4) | 5.4 (2.4) | 4.1 (2.2) | t = 3.65; P < 0.001 |
| Evening energy (≤3.5) | 2.8 (2.1) | 2.9 (2.2) | 2.6 (1.9) | t = 0.77; P = 0.441 |
| Attentional Function Index (<5 = low cognitive function; 5–7.5 = moderate cognitive function; and >7.5 = high cognitive function) | 6.7 (1.7) | 7.2 (1.6) | 5.6 (1.6) | t = 6.29; P < 0.001 |
| Types of pain | χ2 = 10.61; P = 0.014 0 > 1 |
|||
| None | 38.8 (71) | 45.6 (57) | 24.1 (14) | |
| Only noncancer pain | 14.8 (27) | 10.4 (13) | 24.1 (14) | |
| Only cancer pain | 25.1 (46) | 24.8 (31) | 25.9 (15) | |
| Both noncancer and cancer pain | 21.3 (39) | 19.2 (24) | 25.9 (15) | |
| Worst pain intensity score | 6.6 (2.2) | 6.8 (2.0) | 6.3 (2.5) | t = 1.17; P = 0.245 |
| Mean pain interference score | 3.2 (2.2) | 2.9 (2.1) | 3.6 (2.2) | t = −1.63; P = 0.105 |
IES-R = Impact of Event Scale—Revised; CDRS = Connor Davidson Resilience Scale; SIS = Social Isolation Scale; UCLA = The University of California, Los Angeles; COST = Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale; GSDS = General Sleep Disturbance Scale.
a
Clinically meaningful cutoff scores are provided in parentheses.