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. 2020 Sep 2;60:102046. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102046

Table 1.

Physicochemical properties of PVP.

S. No.	Property	Description
1	Description^a^,^b	Fine, white to off white odorless, ve^ay hygroscopic, amorphous powder.
2	Mol^ac^alar formu^aa^a	(C₆H₉NO) _n
3	Molecular weight^a	2500–30,00,000 Da
4	CAS Number^a	9003-39-8

5		Non-proprietary name^a		Povidone (BP, USP, JP, PhEur)
6		Synonyms^a		Povidone, PVP, Polyvidone, Plasdone, Kollidon, Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene], 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer, 2-pyrrolidinone-1-ethenyl- homopolymer.
7		IUPAC^a		1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
8		Melting point^a		Softens at 150 °C and decomposes after 180 °C.
9		pH^a		3-7 (varies with K-value and concentration of solution)

10	Solubility^a^,^c	Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acids, and amines. Insoluble in ethers, hydrocarbons, some esters, some ketones, and mineral oil.
11	K-value range^a	10–120
12	Chemistry^e, ^f, ^g, ^d	PVP polymer is comprised of functional groups C O, C–N, CH₂ with a strong hydrophilic moiety – pyrrolidone and a strong hydrophobic moiety – alkyl group. The highest solubility of PVP in both water and non-aqueous solvents is attributed to the existence of highly^apolar amide moiety in pyrrolidone ring and apolar methylene and methine groups within the ring and along its backbone. The hydrophobic carbon chains show a steric hindrance effect.
13	Compatibility^a^,^h	Compatible in solution w^jth a wide range of hydrophilic and hydrophobic, natural and synthetic resins; inorganic salts and other chemicals. PVP forms adducts in solution with sodium salicylate, salicylic acid, sulfathiazole, phenobarbital, tannin, and some other compounds. Due to the complex nature of thimerosal with povidone, the preservative action of the former agent is adversely affected.
14	Stability and storage^e, ^f, ^g, ^d	Chemically stable in dry form. Can be stored in ordinary conditions but in a tightly closed container as it is highly hygroscopic
15	Relative viscosity in water (m.Pa.s)ⁱ	PVP-K12 (5%): 1.222–1.361 PVP-K17 (5%): 1.430–1.596 PVP-K25 (1%): 1.146–1.201 PVP-K30 (1%): 1.201–1.281 PVP-K90 (1%): 3.310–5.195
16	Particle size distribution^j	Kollidon 25/30: 90% > 50 μm, 50% > 100 μm, 5% > 200 μm; Kollidon 90: 90% > 200 μm, 95% > 250 μm.
17	Water sorption^h	As the relative humidity increases, the water sorption and weight of PVP increases.

^lFrom [16].

^a

From [9].

^b

From [10].

^c

From [11].

^d

From [2].

^e

From [12].

^f

From [13].

^g

From [14].

^h

From [15].

ⁱ

From [3].

^j

From [9].