Table 4.
Duration of acid-suppressive medications use and risk of colorectal cancer.
| No use | Used in 1–2 cycles | Used in ≥3 cycles | P-trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPI use | ||||
| No. of cases | 952 | 159 | 58 | |
| Person-years | 1,493,933 | 288,870 | 116,229 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | Ref. | 0.80 (0.68–0.95) | 0.79 (0.60–1.04) | 0.01 |
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)a | Ref. | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.92 (0.69–1.21) | 0.21 |
| H2RA use | ||||
| No. of cases | 1821 | 225 | 94 | |
| Person-years | 2,652,702 | 378,358 | 111,387 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | Ref. | 0.84 (0.73–0.97) | 1.02 (0.82–1.25) | 0.33 |
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)a | Ref. | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 1.09 (0.88–1.35) | 0.95 |
BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, HR hazards ratio, MHT menopausal hormone therapy, NHS Nurses’ Health Study, NHSII Nurses’ Health Study II.
aAdjusted for age, BMI ( < 25 kg/m2, 25–27.5 kg/m2, 27.5–30 kg/m2, ≥30 kg/m2) physical activity (<3 MET-h/week, 3–27 MET-h/week, ≥27 MET-h/week), family history of colorectal cancer (no, yes), alcohol intake (<5 g/day, 5–15 g/day, ≥15 g/day), pack-years of smoking (0, 1–10, ≥10 pack-years), history of lower endoscopy (never/ever), caloric intake (quintiles), vitamin D (quintiles), calcium intake (quintiles), regular aspirin use (no, yes), folate intake (quintiles), MHT use (premenopausal, postmenopausal never user, postmenopausal past user, postmenopausal current user) (NHS and NHSII only) and red meat as main dish (quintiles).