Table 2.

Technological capabilities within hospitals.

Agreed list of capabilities	“Strongly agreed” and “agreed”a (%)	Number of experts who agreed (n=31)	Median	IQRb
1. Closed-loop electronic medicines management and optimization (electronic prescribing with technology-assisted identification of both patient and medication, eg, bar codes or RFIDc tags)	90	28	1	1-2
2. Effective mechanisms to collect and record complete, accurate and high-quality patient/clinical data	87	27	2	1-2
3. Structured data (records, assessments, and plans) captured digitally at the point of care	87	27	1	1-2
4. Orders (eg, lab tests) are ordered, and results reported in a coded form (ie, using standard compendiums and international vocabulary standards, including dm+dd, and acknowledged electronically in the system	84	26	1	1-2
5. Effective mechanisms to review and improve the quality of patient/clinical data	84	26	2	1-2
6. Flexible digital systems guiding clinicians along evidence-based, person-specific, clinical pathways	81	25	2	1-2
7. Unstructured data (eg, notes, free text) captured at the point of care when appropriate	81	25	2	1-2
8. Person reading/acting on the results acknowledges this electronically in the system	81	25	1	1-2
9. Cybersecurity strategy and continuity processes in place and implemented effectively	81	25	1	1-2
10. A single list of all medication for one patient is availablee	81	25	1	1-2
11. Management intelligence through digital health data	81	25	1.5	1-2
12. Reducing the need for duplicate entry of patient data to near-zeroe	81	25	2	1-2
13. Third-party tools can be added through Application Programming Interfacese	81	25	2	1-2
14. Advanced clinical decision support (eg, integrated with lab data, diagnosis codes) with alerts that are both sensitive and specific and therefore less likely to result in alert fatigue	77	24	2	1-2
15. Use of machine learning and automation when appropriate (eg, analysis of radiology images)e	77	24	2	1-2
16. Clinical intelligence through digital health data	77	24	1	1-2
17. The ability to monitor outcome data for modifying clinical pathways based on digital tools and services	77	24	2	1-2
18. Open Application Programming Interfaces allowing different software components to interact	74	23	1	1-3
19. Supporting end-to-end redesign and improvement of clinical pathways based on digital tools and services	74	23	2	1-3
20. Advanced analytics capability to support the move from reactive to proactive/predictive models of care	74	23	2	1-3

^aExperts scored each capability using a scale ranging from “1” (strongly agree) to “9” (strongly disagree).

^bIQR: Interquartile range.

^cRFID: Radio Frequency Identification.

^ddm+d: Dictionary of Medicines and Devices.

^eNew capabilities suggested by experts in Round 1 of the eDelphi.