Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Variable | Controls N = 50 | Group A N = 50 | Group B N = 50 | ∗ P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 40-60 yrs | 50.5 ± 3.6 | 54.7 ± 4.2 | 55.7 ± 4.1 | 0.001 |
| N = 31 (62%) | N = 30 (60%) | N = 27 (54%) | — | ||
| >60 yrs | 63.5 ± 3.3 | 64.1 ± 3.1 | 65.7 ± 4.5 | 0.022 | |
| N = 19 (38%) | N = 20 (40%) | N = 23 (46%) | — | ||
| Sex (male/female) | 25/25 | 24/26 | 26/24 | — | |
| BP (mmHg) (mean ± SD) | Systolic | 125.5 ± 11.3 | 122.8 ± 10.8 | 122 ± 10 | 0.08 |
| Diastolic | 78.5 ± 8.1 | 77.2 ± 9.3 | 79.5 ± 9 | 0.182 | |
| BMI (Kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 30.7 ± 5.4 | 29.4 ± 5.1 | 28.7 ± 3.8 | 0.01 | |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 88.6 ± 9.9 | 163.8 ± 30.8 | 177.6 ± 34 | 0.001 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.07 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 1.7 | 9.4 ± 2.8 | 0.001 | |
| T2DM duration (mean ± SD) | — | 7.7 ± 9.7 | 9.7 ± 4.4 | 0.001 | |
BP: blood pressure, BMI: body mass index, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.