Table 1.

Examples of polysaccharides-based nanoparticles.

Materials	Composition of Nanoparticles	Significances	Ref.
Chitosan	Ascorbic acid, pentasodium tripolyphosphate	Antioxidative; reduced viability of cervical cancer cells; nontoxic to human normal cells	[40]
	EGFR binding peptide, PEG2000, Mad2 siRNA	Selective uptake by NSCLC cells; stronger tumor inhibition in a drug-resistant model	[41,42]
	Folate, curcumin	Targeted folate receptors; enhanced toxicity to breast cancer cells; controlled release in acidic environments	[43]
	Glycyrrhetinic acid, doxorubicin	Enhanced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin	[45]
	PNVCL, cell-penetrating peptide, doxorubicin	Controlled in acidic and hyperpyrexic conditions; selective cellular uptake; stronger tumor inhibition and lower systemic toxicity	[47]
Hyaluronic acid	Cisplatin, siRNA, near IR dye indocyanine green (ICG), various fatty amines or cationic polyamines	Targeted CD44 receptors; effective in combination treatments against resistant cancers	[48,49]
	L-lysine methyl ester, lipoic acid, doxorubicin	Controlled release of doxorubicin triggered by GSH; targeted CD44 receptors	[50]
	PEGylated cationic quaternary amine, n-octyl acrylate segments, doxorubicin	Controlled release in acidic environments; antibacterial; overcame bacteria-induced tumor resistance	[51]
	Glycyrrhetinic acid, L-histidine, doxorubicin	Controlled release in acidic environments; improved antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin	[52]
	Polycaprolactone, 2-(Pyridyldithio)-ethylamine, doxorubicin	Improved performance of doxorubicin; targeted delivery; controlled release in acidic environments	[53]
	Dodecylamide, docetaxel	Inhibited the growth of A549 cells; stable in human plasma	[54]
	PLGA, PEI, docetaxel, α-naphthoflavone	Overcame the multidrug resistance; improved bioavailability of docetaxel	[55]
Alginate	Thiolated sodium alginate, fluorescein-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (fWGA), docetaxel	Selective uptake by cancer cells; stronger cytotoxicity toward HT-29 cells; degraded by GSH	[62]
	Disulfide crosslinked alginate, doxorubicin	Improved safety profile of doxorubicin; selective uptake by cancer cells;	[64]
	Poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt, paclitaxel	Selective uptake by HT-29 cells; induced cell death to the cancer cells	[65]
	pheophorbide A, doxorubicin	GSH dose-dependent release manner of payloads; accumulated in the tumor site; combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy	[66]
Dextran	Carboxymethyl dextran, lithocholic acid, doxorubicin	Release triggered by GSH; improved therapeutic efficacy and biodistribution profile of doxorubicin	[68]
	Curcumin, methotrexate	Sustained release; synergistic effect in treating MCF-7 cells.	[72]
	Chlorin e6, gold nanoparticles	Efficient cellular uptake; no leakage; accumulation of chlorin e6 at tumor site	[73]
	Dextran acrylate, stearyl amine microRNAs	Stabilized and delivered microRNAs into the carcinoma cells; suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation	[74]
	PEGylated dextran, siRNA	Changed biodistribution and cellular uptake without affecting cytotoxicity	[75]
	Folic acid, doxorubicin	Enhanced tumor inhibition; targeting folate receptors	[76]