Table 1.

Classification of recent research on the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in cancer theragnosis and their characteristics, formulation, modification, and experimental methods.

Classification	Theragnostic Modules	Required Characteristics	NP Formulation	NP Modification	Experimental Methods	Reference
Phototherapy	PTT	LSPR	Rod	BSA, Macrophage	In vivo	[14]
		LSPR	Rod	None	In vitro and In vivo	[15]
		TPA	Rod	Polypyrrole coating	In vitro	[16]
		LSPR/EPR effect	Rod	None	In vivo	[17]
		LSPR	Shell	Anti-HER2 antibody, silica	In vitro	[18]
		LSPR	Shell	T cell	In vivo	[19]
		LSPR	Flowers	γFe2o2	In vivo	[20]
		LSPR	Flowers	None	In vitro and In vivo	[21]
		LSPR	Ring	Antiibody	In vitro	[22]
	PDT	EPR effect	Sphere	C11Pc	In vitro and In vivo	[23]
		EPR effect	Sphere	Antibody, C11Pc, PEG	In vitro and In vivo	[24]
		EPR effect	Sphere	Protoporphyrin IX	In vitro	[25]
		EPR effect	Sphere	Hematoporphyrin	In vitro	[26]
		LSPR	Sphere	Protoporphyrin IX	In vitro	[27]
		EPR effect	Sphere	5-aminolevulinic acid	In vitro	[28]
		LSPR/EPR effect	Rod	Indocyanine green	In vitro	[29]
	PTT & PDT	LSPR	Cages	Hypocrellin	In vitro	[30]
		LSPR	Stars	Chlorin e6	In vivo	[31]
		LSPR/EPR effect	Rod	Indocyanine green	In vitro	[32]
		LSPR/EPR effect	Rod	Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, PEG	In vivo	[33]
		LSPR	Rod	Hematoporphyrin, Silica	In vivo	[34]
Imaging	SERS	LSPR/SERS	Sphere	Anti-CD3/CD19 antibody, MBA, PEG	In vitro	[35]
		LSPR/SERS	Sphere	Mn, porphyrin-phospholipid	In vitro	[36]
		LSPR/SERS	Sphere	4-ATP attachment	ex vivo	[37]
	Multiphoton photoluminescence	Photoluminescence	Sphere	MUA	In vitro and In vivo	[38]
		Photoluminescence	Sphere, rod, triangle	Gelatin coating	In vitro	[39]
	Dark field microscopy	LSPR	Sphere	Anti-CD44 antibody, PEG	In vitro	[40]
		LSPR	Sphere, rod	Anti-EGFR antibody, PEG	In vitro	[41]
	OCT	Absorption property, LSPR	Shell	None	In vivo	[42]
		Photothermal property, absorption property, LSPR	Sphere	Hydrolysis-susceptible Citraconic amide	In vitro	[43]
	PAI	LSPR, PA	Sphere	DOX loading, Fu capping	In vitro	[44]
		LSPR, PA	Sphere string	BCP tethering	In vivo	[45]
		LSPR, PA	Sphere	Anti-EGFR antibody	ex vivo	[46]