Table 2.
Lethality and dysmorphogenesis effective concentration values in zebrafish embryos on the modulation of developmental effects produced by OS inducers.
| Modulator of Antioxidant Status | OS Inducer | LC50 (95% CI) |
EC50 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| None 1 | Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) | 2.38 mM (2.28–2.48) |
1.64 mM (1.44–1.87) |
| n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) | n.d. | 2.28 mM ** (2.11–2.46) |
|
|
Nω-nitro l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) |
n.d. | 3.17 mM *** (2.85–3.52) |
|
| Diethyl maleate (DEM) |
2.06 mM * (1.78–2.38) |
1.17 mM ** (1.07–1.29) |
|
| DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) |
1.95 mM *** (1.85–2.05) |
1.20 mM * (1.07–1.33) |
|
| None | Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) | 15.2 µM (13.8–16.7) |
8.84 µM (7.15–10.9) |
| NAC | 19.6 µM * (16.6–23.3) |
15.5 µM *** (14.8-16.3) |
|
| L-NAME | 19.0 µM * (17.3–20.9) |
17.1 µM *** (16.9–17.3) |
|
| DEM | 9.78 µM ** (7.31–13.1) |
4.79 µM * (3.88–5.91) |
|
| BSO | 6.89 µM *** (6.13–7.75) |
4.17 µM ** (3.62–4.81) |
|
| None 1 | Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (LPS) |
50.1 µg/mL (48.6–51.8) |
36.0 µg/mL (28.4–45.6) |
| NAC | 51.6 µg/mL * (48.8–54.5) |
39.6 µg/mL (35.0–44.8) |
|
| L-NAME | 53.4 µg/mL * (51.9–55.0) |
51.3 µg/mL ** (49.6–53.0) |
|
| DEM | 42.1 µg/mL *** (37.9–46.8) |
31.1 µg/mL (26.3–36.6) |
|
| BSO | 45.2 µg/mL ** (43.2–47.4) |
36.2 µg/mL (29.4–44.5) |
Lethal concentration 50 (LC50), effective concentration 50 for dysmorphogenesis (EC50) and 95% confidence interval. Statistically significant differences with respect to the group, which was not exposed to any modulator: *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001; n.d.: no lethality was observed; 1 A unique tBOOH and LPS concentration–response curve was generated with the dissolution of the compounds in Danieau’s buffer without DMSO and compared to all the concentration–response curves of the groups pre-exposed to chemicals (initially dissolved or not in DMSO) due to the lack of effect of DMSO in the embryonic development of ZF.