Table 1.
Pregnant Women | Control Group | p | Adjusted p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 304 | 304 | ||
Age (years) | 29.5 (27–33) | 29 (26–33) | ||
Tick bite a | 191 (62.8; 57.1–68.3) | 190 (62.5; 56.8–68.0) | >0.99 | >0.99 |
Interval from bite to EM onset (days) b | 14 (7–24) | 13 (8–21) | 0.92 | >0.99 |
Interval from EM onset to diagnosis and treatment (days) | 7 (4–18) | 8 (4–22) | 0.10 | 0.55 |
Location of EM c: | 0.009 | 0.062 | ||
Extremities | 256 (84.2; 79.6–88.1) | 227 (74.7; 69.4–79.5) | ||
Trunk | 43 (14.1; 10.4–18.6) | 73 (24.0; 19.3–29.2) | ||
Head, neck | 5 (1.6; 0.5–3.8) | 4 (1.3; 0.4–3.3) | ||
Size of EM c (cm) | 10 (7–16) | 10 (7–17) | 0.54 | >0.99 |
Ring-like appearance of EM c: | 129 (42.4; 36.8–48.2) | 168 (55.3; 49.5–60.9) | 0.002 | 0.016 |
Local symptoms | 170 (55.9; 50.1–61.6) | 182 (59.9; 54.1–65.4) | 0.37 | 0.97 |
Itching d | 154 (50.7; 44.9–56.4) | 163 (53.5; 47.8–59.3) | ||
Burning d | 26 (8.6; 5.7–12.3) | 33 (10.9; 5.6–14.9) | ||
Pain d | 26 (8.6; 5.7–12.3) | 39 (12.8; 9.3–17.1) | ||
Constitutional symptoms | 68 (22.1; 17.8–27.5) | 113 (37.2; 31.7–42.9) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Fatigue d | 29 (9.5; 6.5–13.4) | 62 (20.4; 16.0–25.4) | ||
Headache d | 33 (10.9; 7.6–14.9) | 62 (20.4; 16.0–25.4) | ||
Myalgias d | 12 (4.0; 2.1–6.8) | 24 (7.9; 5.1–11.5) | ||
Arthralgias d | 18 (5.9; 3.5–9.2) | 32 (10.5; 7.3–14.5) | ||
Fever d | 5 (1.6; 0.5–3.8) | 8 (2.6; 1.1–5.1) | ||
Dizziness d | 7 (2.3; 0.9–4.7) | 11 (3.6; 1.8–6.4) | ||
Multiple EM | 14 (4.6; 2.5–7.6) * | 16 (5.3; 3.0-8.4) ** | 0.71 | >0.99 |
Other manifestations of LB e | 2 | 0 |
Data are medians (interquartile range) or frequencies (percentage; 95% confidence interval). p values were obtained with Mann–Whitney tests for numeric variables and chi-squared Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables. Abbreviations: EM, erythema migrans; LB, Lyme borreliosis. a At site of later EM skin lesion; b data for 189/191 pregnant and 185/190 non-pregnant women who recalled a tick bite at the site of later EM; c findings for the primary lesion in patients with multiple EM; d number (%) of patients reporting an individual symptom; e one patient with associated borrelial lymphocytoma, one with transitory cardiac conduction disorder; * number of skin lesions: 2–13 (IQR 2–6); ** number of skin lesions: 2–12 (IQR 2–3).