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. 2020 Aug 10;9(8):2591. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082591

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the studied population.

Characteristics at Baseline
Total number of patients, n 12,383
Age (years); mean ± SD (range) 76 ± 10
(55 to 89)
Sex; male, N (%)
female, N (%)		 4039 (32.6%)
8344 (67.4%)
Number of drugs/day per patient; N ± SD (range) 11.8 ± 5.7 (0–47)
Total MRSTM; mean ± SD (range) 14.4 ± 7.7 (0–39)
 
  • -
    Low-risk group *; N (%)
    •       mean ± SD
 6741 (54.4%)
8.6 ± 3.7
  • -
    Moderate-risk group *; N (%)
    •       mean ± SD
 2489 (20.1%)
16.9 ± 1.4
  • -
    High-risk group *; N (%)
    •       mean ± SD
 3153 (25.5%)
24.8 ± 3.7
Patients currently receiving prescribed drugs proposed for repurposing:
  • -

    HCQ, N (%)

  • -

    CQ, N (%)

  • -

    AZ, N (%)

  • -

    LPV/r, N (%)
106 (0.9%)
0
125 (1.0%)
5 (0.04%)
Potential CYP450 drug-drug interactions, patients currently receiving:
  • -

    CYP2C8 inhibitors or competitive substrates ŧ, N (%)

  • -

    CYP2C8 inducers ŧ, N (%)

  • -

    CYP3A4 inhibitors or competitive substrates ŧ, N (%)

  • -

    CYP2D6 inhibitors or competitive substrates ŧ, N (%)

  • -

    Combination of CYP3A4 + 2D6 inhibitors or competitive substratesŧ, N (%)

  • -

    Combination of CYP2C8 + 3A4 + 2D6 inhibitors or competitive substrates ŧ,N (%)
693 (5.6%)
137 (1.1%)
8952 (72%)
7439 (60%)
5861 (47%)
415 (3.4%)

* MRSTM risk groups are defined as follows: MRSTM values < 15 are classified into the Low-risk group, MRSTM values ≥ 15 to <20 into the Moderate-risk group, and MRSTM values ≥ 20 into the High-risk group. ŧ Competitive substrates are drugs exhibiting a high affinity for a respective isoform. Concomitant administration of these drugs with the weak-affinity substrates HCQ and CQ is associated with potentially significant drug interactions. LPV is also a weak substrate of CYP3A4, but since its administration was always with ritonavir, a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4, no additional inhibition and interaction were considered for LPV. However, ritonavir, when virtually added to a patient regimen, was considered as a perpetrator drug. ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; AZ, azithromycin; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; GERD, gastro-esophageal reflux disorder; LPV/r, lopinavir boosted with ritonavir; MRSTM, medication risk score; SD, standard deviation.