Table 2.
Common prescribed drugs in our cohort of patients that can contribute to drug-induced LQTS/torsade de pointes. Risk categories depend on whether drugs can cause QT prolongation or torsade de pointes: the Long QT-JT index used to derive the LQTS risk score and CredibleMeds are presented.
| Drug Names | Number of Patients, N (%) | Long QT-JT Index Category * | CredibleMeds Category ŧ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Furosemide | 2629 (21%) | Moderate | Conditional |
| Pantoprazole | 2402 (19%) | Moderate | Conditional |
| Sertraline | 1583 (12%) | Low | Conditional |
| Trazodone | 1479 (11%) | High | Conditional |
| Famotidine | 1422 (11%) | Moderate | Conditional |
| Omeprazole | 1395 (11%) | Moderate | Conditional |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 1359 (10%) | Moderate | Conditional |
| Donepezil | 1073 (8%) | Moderate | Known |
| Mirtazapine | 1004 (8%) | Moderate | Possible |
| Quetiapine | 853 (6%) | High | Conditional |
| Escitalopram | 752 (6%) | High | Known |
| Citalopram | 681 (5%) | High | Known |
| Risperidone | 500 (4%) | High | Conditional |
| Mirabegron | 429 (3%) | Low | Possible |
| Aripiprazole | 400 (3%) | Moderate | Possible |
| Venlafaxine | 380 (3%) | High | Possible |
| Fluoxetine | 357 (2%) | Moderate | Conditional |
| Olanzapine | 270 (2%) | Low | Conditional |
| Esomeprazole | 216 (1%) | Moderate | Conditional |
| Amiodarone | 212 (1%) | High | Known |
| Ondansetron | 177 (1%) | High | Known |
| Paroxetine | 182 (1%) | Moderate | Conditional |
| Loperamide | 154 (1%) | High | Conditional |
* Long QT-JT Index values ≤ 15 are associated with High risk of drug-induced LQTS, values 16–100 are associated with a Moderate risk, and values 101-999 are associated with Low risk. Patient-specific risk (Long QT-JT Score) is determined by using the drug-specific Long QT-JT Index combined with other factors such as age, sinus rhythm, use of diuretics, use of Class 1A,1C or III antiarrhythmic drugs, magnesium and potassium levels, and QT interval value [30]. ŧ CredibleMeds categories are described as follows: Known risk of torsade de pointes is drugs that prolong the interval and are clearly associated with a known risk of torsade de pointes. Conditional risk is drugs associated with torsade de pointes but only under certain conditions of their use or creating conditions that facilitate or induce torsade de pointes. Possible risk is drugs that can cause QT prolongation but have no clear evidence for a risk of torsade de pointes [44].