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. 2020 Jul 27;9(8):1789. doi: 10.3390/cells9081789

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Oxidative stress causes DNA damage in Prm2-deficient sperm during epididymal maturation. (A) Representative immunohistochemical staining (n = 3) against 8-OHdG as a biomarker for oxidative DNA damage. Staining of testicular (top row), caput epididymal (middle row) and cauda epididymal (bottom row) tissue sections from Prm2^+/+ (left column), Prm2^+/− (middle column) and Prm2^-/- (right column) animals is shown. Note increasing oxidative damage in Prm2-deficient sperm during epididymal transit. Arrows highlight 8-OHdG negative spermatids/sperm, arrowheads 8-OHdG positive cells. Scale bar: 20 µm. (B) Quantification of 8-OHdG levels in epididymal sperm DNA from Prm2^+/+, Prm2^+/− and Prm2^−/− males by ELISA (n = 5; statistical significance was determined by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis-Test, ** p = 0.0002; *** p < 0.0001).