Table 1.
Dysregulated glycosyltransferases in ovarian cancer.
| Glycosyltransferase | Up/Down-Regulation | Target Glycan/Ligand | Phenotype | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GALNTs) | ||||
| GALNT 2 | Downregulated in patient tumor | n.d. | n.d. | [44] |
| GALNT 3 | Upregulated in patient tumor | MUC1 | proliferation, invasion, migration | [45] |
| GALNT 6, 9 | Upregulated in patient tumor | n.d. | n.d. | [44] |
| GALNT 12 | Downregulated in c-FOS overexpression | n.d. | n.d. | [27] |
| GALNT 14 | Upregulated in patient tumor and downregulated in c-FOS overexpression | MUC13 | migration | [44,46] |
| Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferases (HS6STs) | ||||
| HS6ST 1, 2 | Upregulated in patient tumor | Heparan Sulfate | angiogenesis | [47,48] |
|
Carbohydrate sulfotransferases
(CHSTs) |
||||
| CHST 11, 15 | Upregulated in patient tumor and downregulated in c-FOS overexpression | Chondroitin Sulfate | n.d. | [27,49] |
| CHST 12, 13 | Upregulated in patient tumor | Chondroitin Sulfate | n.d. | [49] |
| Fucosyltransferases(FUTs) | ||||
| FUT 1 | Upregulated in patient tumor | Lewisy | proliferation, migration, invasion, 5-fluorouracil resistance | [50,51] |
| FUT 5 | Upregulated in metastatic cancer stem cells and patient tumor | sialyl-Lewisx on IGF-1R | cell-cell adhesion | [26] |
| FUT 11 | Downregulated in c-FOS overexpression | n.d. | n.d. | [27] |
| β-galactoside α2-6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal 1) | Upregulated in patient tumor and downregulated in c-FOS overexpression | EGFR, β1 Integrin | cisplatin resistance, gefitinib resistance, cell-ECM adhesion, invasion, migration, shorter recurrence free survival | [27,52,53,54,55,56] |
| β-galactoside α2-3-sialyltransferase 1 (ST3Gals) | ||||
| ST3Gal 1 | Upregulated in patient tumor | n.d. | proliferation, invasion, migration, paclitaxel resistance | [54, 57] |
| ST3Gal 3,4 | Upregulated and downregulated (conflicting reports) in patient tumor and upregulated in metastatic cancer stem cells | n.d. | taxol resistance (ST3Gal 3 upregulation) | [26,54,58] |
| ST3Gal 6 | Downregulated in patient tumor | n.d. | n.d. | [54] |
|
β-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase 4
(B4GalT 4) |
Upregulated in metastatic cancer stem cells and patient tumor | n.d. | platinum resistance, invasion, migration | [26,59,60] |
n.d.: not determined; MUC: mucin; IGF-1R: insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor.