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. 2020 Aug 11;8(8):1220. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8081220

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of the stress response triggered by HOCl exposure. HOCl activates (a) chaperones; induces the expression of (b) protein repair systems, especially for those in which cysteine and (c) methionine are the main target amino acids; (d) detoxifying enzymes; (e) DNA repair systems; and (f) induces changes in membrane properties, such as downregulating porins, reducing permeability and increasing hydrophobicity. HOCl: hypochlorous acid; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; Cys: cysteine; Met: methionine; Met-SO: methionine sulfoxide; Met-SO2: methionine sulfone; Msrs: methionine sulfoxide reductases.