Table 2.
Concentration (µg/g extract) of selected phytochemicals in the methanol extracts from different parts of A. macrocephalus subsp. finitimus x.
| Compounds | Aerial Parts | Flowers | Leaves | Roots | Stems |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallic acid | 2.28 ± 0.03 d | 8.76 ± 0.18 a | 2.24 ± 0.01 d | 4.93 ± 0.12 b | 3.03 ± 0.04 c |
| Protocatechuic acid | 14.37 ± 0.08 c | 16.80 ± 0.47 b | 18.90 ± 0.16 a | 13.51 ± 0.64 c | 8.06 ± 0.05 d |
| Chlorogenic acid | 8.99 ± 0.24 a | 10.29 ± 4.02 a | 0.75 ± 0.26 b | 3.06 ± 0.69 ab | 1.59 ± 0.19 b |
| 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 9.96 ± 1.74 c | nd | 23.14 ± 0.06 a | nd | 16.86 ± 1.09 b |
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 12.78 ± 0.16 c | 28.83 ± 0.62 b | 2.72 ± 0.07 e | 31.86 ± 0.76 a | 8.13 ± 0.28 d |
| (−)-Epicatechin | nd | nd | 5.60 ± 0.11 | nd | nd |
| Caffeic acid | 2.77 ± 0.11 b | nd | 3.94 ± 0.03 a | nd | nd |
| Vanillic acid | 23.30 ± 0.23 c | 100.53 ± 8.83 a | 4.36 ± 0.26 d | 57.78 ± 4.27 b | 51.53 ± 3.73 b |
| Syringic acid | 6.71 ± 0.03 d | 20.89 ± 0.71 b | 2.08 ± 0.06 e | 33.47 ± 1 a | 17.27 ± 1.52 c |
| Vanillin | 3.42 ± 0.11 c | nd | nd | 55.68 ± 0.68 a | 23.62 ± 0.13 b |
| Verbascoside | 43.48 ± 0.25 a | 8.68 ± 0.30 b | 1.13 ± 0.08 e | 7.29 ± 0.14 c | 2.64 ± 0.11 d |
| Sinapic acid | 7.41 ± 0.01 b | 52.66 ± 1.36 a | 3.41 ± 0.52 c | nd | nd |
| p-Coumaric acid | 76.85 ± 0.47 b | 146.78 ± 1.89 a | 33.12 ± 0.35 c | 6.81 ± 0.60 e | 22.12 ± 0.51 d |
| Ferulic acid | 52.79 ± 2.88 b | 64.20 ± 2.45 a | 37.61 ± 0.30 c | 10.53 ± 0.48 d | 17.40 ± 0.96 d |
| Luteolin 7-glucoside | 17.63 ± 0.89 ab | 28.59 ± 9.16 a | 13.45 ± 0.17 ab | 6.20 ± 0.75 b | 11.35 ± 0.16 b |
| Hesperidin | 7.69 ± 0.04 ab | 8.44 ± 1.45 a | 7.05 ± 0.03 ab | 4.99 ± 0.06 b | 9.14 ± 0.75 a |
| Hyperoside | 401.68 ± 6.72 b | 90.45 ± 1.39 d | 1828.94 ± 21 a | 2.90 ± 0.46 e | 321.43 ± 7.64 c |
| Rosmarinic acid | 2.10 ± 0.11 c | 26.95 ± 3.30 a | 1.25 ± 0.02 c | 10.46 ± 0.65 b | 5.43 ± 0.27 bc |
| Apigenin 7-glucoside | 23.68 ± 0.08 c | 63.56 ± 1.94 a | 16.85 ± 0.19 d | 44.54 ± 0.35 b | 20.24 ± 0.04 cd |
| Pinoresinol | nd | nd | nd | 6.40 ± 0.37 a | 6.80 ± 0.23 a |
| Eriodictyol | 0.44 ± 0.05 c | 2.58 ± 0.36 b | 0.30 ± 0.01 c | 6.97 ± 0.12 a | 0.73 ± 0.01 c |
| Quercetin | 6.47 ± 0.02 b | 11.11 ± 0.04 a | 3.27 ± 0.06 d | 4.58 ± 0.13 c | 4.74 ± 0.12 c |
| Luteolin | 32.06 ± 0.45 cd | 81.94 ± 0.28 b | 32.58 ± 1.07 c | 108.11 ± 1.20 a | 28.77 ± 0.73 d |
| Kaempferol | 1.58 ± 0.25 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Apigenin | 29.07 ± 0.50 c | 52.33 ± 1.34 b | 23 ±0.12 c | 181.90 ± 6.23 a | 42.81 ± 0.52 b |
x Within each row, means sharing the different superscripts (a–d) show comparison between the samples using Tukey’s test at p < 0.05. nd, not detected.