CEST	Chemical exchange saturation transfer
ACOX1	Acyl–coA oxidase-1
AP	Activating protein
APE1/Ref-1	AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) endonuclease1/redox effector factor 1
ARG2	Arginase II
ATDC	Ataxia-telangiectasia group D complementing gene
CA	Carbonic anhydrase
CAF	Cancer associated fibroblast
CD	Cluster of differentiation
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
CT	Computed tomography
CTLA4	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4
CTPS1	Cytidine 5’-triphosphate synthetase
DAMP	Damage-associated molecular pattern
DFS	Disease free survival
DNMT3a	DNA methyltransferase 3a
DVL-2	Dishevelled 2
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor Receptor
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
EpCAM	Epithelial cell adhesion molecule
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FZD1	Frizzled-1
GEMM	Genetically engineered mouse model
GLI1	Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (zinc finger protein)
GLUT	Glucose transporter
GTEx	Genotype-tissue expression
Her-2	Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HH	Hedgehog
HIF	Hypoxia-inducible factor
HK2	Hexokinase 2
HRE	Hypoxia-responsive element
IGF2BP3	Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3
IL	Interleukin
IPMN	Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
IQGAP1	IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1
K-ras	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
KIF14	Kinesin family member
LDHA	Lactate dehydrogenase A
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCN	Mucinous cystic neoplasm
MCT	Monocarboxylate transporters
MEK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
MUC	Mucin
MVD	Microvessel density
MVI	Microvessel integrity
NBCe1	Electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter 1
NBCn1	Electroneutral sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter 1
NF-κB	Nuclear factor κappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NHE1	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1
OS	Overall survival
PanIN	Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia
PD1	Programmed cell death protein 1
PDAC	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
PDK1	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1
PDL-1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PDX	Patient-derived xenograft
PET	Positron emission tomography
PFS	Progression-free survival
PG	Proteoglycan-like domain
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
pHLIP peptide	pH (low) insertion peptide
PI3K	Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase
PKM2	Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme
PPBP	Pro-platelet basic protein
PSCA	Prostate stem cell antigen
qRT-PCR	Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR
RTK	Receptor tyrosine kinase
SERPINB5	Serpin family B member 5
SHH	Sonic Hedgehog
SLC	Solute carrier family membrane transport protein
SMO	Smoothened
SP1	Specificity protein 1
TCGA	The cancer genome atlas
TET	Ten-eleven translocation enzymes
TF	Transcription factors
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor β
Th cells	T-helper cells
TIC	Tumor initiating cell
TKT	Transketolase
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TME	Tumor microenvironment
TMPRSS3	Transmembrane serine protease 3
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor α
TPM2	β-tropomyosin
Tregs	T regulatory cells
TSS	Transcription start site
uPAR	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
α-SMA	α-smooth muscle actin