Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included patients.
| Characteristics | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Patients, n | 16 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 10 (62) |
| Age (mean years ± SD) | 37.6 ± 15.6 |
| BMI (mean kg/m2 ± SD) | 21.3 ± 3.4 |
| Married/in a relationship, n (%) | 4 (25) |
| Caesarean childbirth, n (%) | 5 (31) |
| History of breastfeeding, n (%) | 7 (44) |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 0, (0) |
| Lactose intolerance, n (%) | 4 (25) |
| Atopy, n (%) | 5 (31) |
| FBDSI (mean ± SD) | 101 ± 52 |
| IBS-SSS (mean ± SD) | 289 ± 91 |
| Abdominal pain (mean ± SD) | 57 ± 28 |
| IBS-QoL overall score (mean ± SD) | 71 ± 16 |
| Bristol Stool Scale (mean ± SD) | 6 ± 1 |
| Zonulin (ng/mL, mean ± SD) | 42.5 ± 9.3 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL, median, 95% CI) | 4.22, 2.87–7.06 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL, median, 95% CI) | 3.47, 1.96–5.32 |
| IL-12p70 (pg/mL, median, 95% CI) | 1.77, 0.57–2.16 |
| TNFα (pg/mL, median, 95% CI) | 5.69, 2.23–11.09 |
Abbreviations: body mass index (BMI), confidence interval (CI), Functional Bowel Disorder Severity Index (FBDSI), interleukin (IL), Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QoL), Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), n (number), standard deviation (SD), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα).