| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| CuNPs | Copper nanoparticles |
| Cu2ONPs | Cuprous oxide nanoparticles |
| CuONPs | Copper oxide nanoparticles |
| LLDPE | Linear low-density polyethylene |
| LLDPE/CuNPs | Composite of LLDPE and CuNPs |
| LLDPE/Cu2ONPs | Composite of LLDPE and Cu2ONPs |
| LLDPE/CuONPs | Composite of LLDPE and CuONPs |
| CFU | Colony forming units |
| EDS | Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscope |
| RIR | Reference intensity ratios |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction |
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