| bp | base pairs |
| cDNA | complementary DNA |
| ChIP-Seq | chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing |
| gDNA | genomic DNA |
| IGS | intergenic spacer |
| kb | kilo base pairs |
| NOR | nucleolar organizer region |
| pRNA | promoter RNA |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| qPCR | quantitative PCR |
| RACE | rapid amplification of cDNA ends |
| sncRNA | small non-coding RNA |
| WHO | World Health Organization |