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. 2020 Jul 29;12(8):709. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080709

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Antimicrobial photodynamic killing of free floating bacteria with MB, AgNPs, and MB-AgNPs. (B) The percentage of ROS generated after aPDT against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. (C) The percentage protein leakage from S. aureus and P. aeruginosa after treatment with MB, AgNPs, and MB-AgNPs. (D) Effect of aPDT on biofilm formation in the bacterial samples treated with free MB, AgNPs, and MB-AgNPs in dark and light irradiation conditions. (L+) Light irradiation, (L−) non-irradiation. Standard deviation of three independent experiments are represented on bar diagram with error bars. Asterisk denotes statistical difference compared with the respective dark control (p < 0.05). Dollar represents a significant difference compared with free MB with irradiation (p < 0.05). NS denotes no statistical significance with respect to control.