GPR43 antagonist blocks exercise-mediated amelioration in skeletal muscle IR (SMIR). (A) Primary skeletal muscle cells were isolated from the mice of different groups including control, DM, DM+Ex, DM+GLPG0974 and DM+Ex+GLPG0974. Then p-IRSTyr612, IRS, p-AKTSer473 and AKT, key proteins of insulin signaling pathway were determined by western blot; (B) semiquantitative statistics of p-IRSTyr612 and p-AKTSer473 normalized to total IRS and AKT, respectively; (C) primary skeletal muscle cells were isolated from wild-type mice. The insulin resistance skeletal muscle cells were established by the addition of palmitate (PA). Expression of p-IRSTyr612, IRS, p-AKTSer473 and AKT were detected by western blot; (D) semiquantitative statistics of p-IRSTyr612 and p-AKTSer473 normalized to total IRS and AKT, respectively; (E) glucose uptake capacity of in each group measured by fluorescently labeled 2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG). * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01.