| T2DM | type II diabetes mellitus |
| SCFAs | short-chain fatty acids |
| GC | gas chromatography |
| 2-NBDG | fluorescently labeled 2-deoxyglucose |
| GPR43 | G-protein-coupled receptor 43 |
| SMIR | skeletal muscle insulin resistance |
| IR | insulin resistance |
| CeRNAs | competing endogenous RNAs |
| HFD | high-fat diet |
| GLUT4 | glucose transporter 4 |
| NFκB | nuclear factor κB |
| STZ | streptozocin |
| OGTT | oral glucose tolerance test |
| ITT | insulin tolerance test |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA |
| OUT | operational taxonomic unit |
| TMB | ethyl benzylbenzidine |