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. 2020 Aug 7;25(16):3594. doi: 10.3390/molecules25163594

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The cytotoxicity induced by SiO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles in 2D CCD-18Co. (A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the control and the SiO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles endocytosed by CCD-18Co cells. The scale bar in represents 0.2 µm. (B) Live/dead assay (Green: live cells, Red: dead cells). Scale bars represent 20 µm. (C) Concentration-dependent viability. (D) Incubation time-dependent viability, (E) % cells undergoing apoptosis. (F) Western blots. (G) Quantitative analysis of the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio. (H) Quantitative analysis of the Cytochrome C/ß-actin ratio of the 2D CCD-18Co cells treated with the SiO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles. Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates. * For p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01.