Table 2.
Univariable predictors of treatment outcome in the Graz cohort.
| Variable | Outcome: Radiographic ORR (n = 73) | Outcome: PFS (n = 85) |
Outcome: OS (n = 85) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI (p) | HR | 95% CI (p) | HR | 95% CI (p) | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age at ICI initiation (per 5 years increase) | 1.46 | 1.04–2.05 (p = 0.030) | 0.88 | 0.78–0.98 (p = 0.020) | 0.87 | 0.78–0.97 (p = 0.013) |
| Female Gender | 2.77 | 0.86–8.90 (p = 0.087) | 0.83 | 0.49–1.42 (p = 0.495) | 0.46 | 0.26–0.81 (p = 0.007) |
| BMI at ICI initiation (per 5 kg/m² increase) | 1.56 | 0.88–2.77 (p = 0.127) | 0.81 | 0.56–1.11 (p = 0.195) | 0.87 | 0.64–1.19 (p = 0.380) |
| Charlson comorbidity index at ICI initiation (per 1 point increase) | 1.12 | 0.93–1.36 (p = 0.241) | 0.98 | 0.89–1.07 (p = 0.618) | 0.99 | 0.90–1.09 (p = 0.871) |
| Past or present smoker | 0.86 | 0.23–3.15 (p = 0.816) | 1.35 | 0.69–2.63 (p = 0.379) | 1.59 | 0.77–3.28 (p = 0.211) |
| ECOG at ICI initiation (per 1 point increase) | 0.33 | 0.08–1.44 (p = 0.140) | 1.87 | 0.96–3.65 (p = 0.064) | 1.66 | 0.85–3.27 (p = 0.139) |
| Second primary malignancy at any time | 0.64 | 0.16–2.60 (p = 0.535) | 1.34 | 0.71–2.52 (p = 0.372) | 1.21 | 0.63–2.32 (p = 0.575) |
| Tumor variables | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 0.8 | 0.24–2.67 (p = 0.717) | 1.15 | 0.63–2.08 (p = 0.653) | 1.20 | 0.63–2.29 (p = 0.581) |
| Stage IV at initial NSCLC diagnosis | 0.42 | 0.14–1.27 (p = 0.125) | 1.78 | 1.02–3.10 (p = 0.044) | 1.80 | 1.01–3.21 (p = 0.046) |
| PD-L1 expression (per 10% increase) | 1.07 | 0.91–1.25 (p = 0.408) | 0.98 | 0.90–1.06 p = 0.577) | 0.98 | 0.90–1.07 (p = 0.672) |
| Treatment prior ICI | ||||||
| Primary treatment intent: curative | 1.08 | 0.36–3.27 (p = 0.889) | 0.50 | 0.28–0.90 (p = 0.02) | 0.49 | 0.27–0.91 (p = 0.023) |
| ICI treatment variables | ||||||
| ICI treatment: 1st-line | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| ---2nd-line | 0.57 | 0.19–1.74 (p = 0.325) | 1.61 | 0.91–2.86 (p = 0.100) | 1.89 | 1.03–3.47 (p = 0.040) |
| ---3rd, 4th or 5th-line | n/a | n/a | 1.21 | 0.45–3.26 (p = 0.701) | 1.56 | 0.61–4.00 (p = 0.358) |
| ICI agent | / | / | / | |||
| ---nivolumab | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref | Ref. |
| ---pembrolizumab | 1.33 | 0.45–3.98 (p = 0.606) | 0.98 | 0.56–1.72 (p = 0.943) | 1.19 | 0.66–2.13 (p = 0.561) |
| ---Atezolizumab | n/a | n/a | 1.59 | 0.21–11.81 (p = 0.649) | 2.41 | 0.32–18.09 (p = 0.394) |
| Laboratory variables | ||||||
| NLR (per doubling) | 0.76 | 0.43–1.34 (p = 0.337) | 1.38 | 1.04–1.83 (p = 0.026) | 1.51 | 1.14–2.02 (p = 0.005) |
| LDH (per doubling) | 0.83 | 0.35–1.98 (p = 0.675) | 1.51 | 1.04–2.21 (p = 0.032) | 1.39 | 0.95–2.04 (p = 0.090) |
| LIPI: 0 points | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| ---1point | 1.17 | 0.33–4.19 (p = 0.805) | 1.40 | 0.72–2.71 (p = 0.317) | 1.45 | 0.71–2.98 (p = 0.313) |
| ---2 points | 0.38 | 0.06–2.23 (p = 0.281) | 2.67 | 1.28–5.55 (p = 0.009) | 3.38 | 1.54–7.43 (p = 0.002) |
Results for the objective response rate are odds ratios (logistic regression), whereas results for progression-free and overall survival are hazard ratios (Cox regression), respectively. “Per doubling” coefficients were obtained by log2-transformation of the respective variable. Abbreviations: ORR—objective response rate; PFS—progression-free survival; OS—overall survival or odds ratio; HR—hazard ratio; 95% CI (p)—95% confidence interval (Wald test p-value); ICI—immune checkpoint inhibitor; BMI—body mass index; ECOG—Eastern cooperation oncology group performance status; NSCLC—non-small cell lung cancer; PD-L1—programmed death ligand 1; Ref—reference category; n/a—not applicable/estimable; NLR—neutrophil lymphocyte ratio; LDH—lactate dehydrogenase; LIPI—lung immune prognostic index.