Skip to main content
. 2020 Aug 5;9(8):712. doi: 10.3390/antiox9080712

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effects of fenofibrate on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress indicators in paraquat (PQ)-stimulated RF/6A cells assessed by flow cytometry. RF/6A cells were pretreated with different concentration of fenofibrate for 1 h, then exposed to 1 mM PQ for 24 h. (a) PQ-induced ROS production under fenofibrate treatment. The x-axis represents 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (2′,7′-DCFDA) staining, and the Y-axis represents cell numbers. PQ: 1 mM PQ; F25: 1 mM PQ with 25 µM fenofibrate; F50: 1 mM PQ with 50 µM fenofibrate; F75: 1 mM PQ with 75 µM fenofibrate; F100: 1 mM PQ with 100 µM fenofibrate. Dose-dependent effect of fenofibrate treatment on (b) ROS production; (c) the expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a DNA oxidation indicator; (d) the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation indicator; (e) the expression of protein carbonyl content, a protein oxidation indicator. (** p < 0.01 between the control group and 1 mM PQ-stimulated group using Mann–Whitney U-test; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 compared to only 1 mM PQ-stimulated group using Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Dunn’s test; n = 3 in each group).