Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival in patients with resected stage III-IV gallbladder cancer without distant metastasis.
| Factors | a Univariate | b Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 5y OS % | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Period 2000–2017 (to 1985–1999) | 93/64 | 35/41 | 1.0 | 1.62 (0.90–2.92) | 0.11 |
| Age ≥67 (to <67) | 92/65 | 33/43 | 0.30 | 1.14 (0.69–1.90) | 0.60 |
| Sex (female to male) | 86/71 | 39/35 | 0.80 | 0.87 (0.53–1.43) | 0.58 |
| Incidental (to none) | 16/141 | 38/37 | 0.90 | 1.40 (0.63–3.12) | 0.41 |
| Cholecystectomy (to LBR) | 33/36 | 43/46 | 0.60 | 1.65 (0.75–3.60) | 0.13 |
| S4bS5 (to LBR) | 42/36 | 38/46 | 0.40 | 0.49 (0.21–1.15) | 0.10 |
| Hepatectomy ≥2 sections (to LBR) | 46/36 | 24/46 | 0.03 | 0.56 (0.24–1.35) | 0.20 |
| Without BDR (to with BDR) | 40/79 | 50/26 | 0.03 | 0.86 (0.35–2.09) | 0.73 |
| Pancreatoduodenectomy (to BDR) | 38/79 | 45/26 | 0.10 | 0.67 (0.34–1.34) | 0.26 |
| Blood loss ≥1400 g (to <1400 g) | 60/97 | 26/43 | 0.003 | 2.19 (1.26–3.80) | 0.005 |
| Surgery time ≥258 min (to <258 min) | 113/44 | 32/50 | 0.03 | 1.23 (0.55–2.73) | 0.61 |
| Histology papillary (to well/moderate) | 26/79 | 56/34 | 0.20 | 1.66 (0.71–3.89) | 0.24 |
| Histology poorly/others (to well/moderate) | 51/79 | 29/34 | 0.05 | 2.26 (1.33–3.84) | 0.003 |
| Liver invasion <5 mm (to no invasion) | 27/76 | 40/48 | 0.50 | 1.24 (0.56–2.72) | 0.59 |
| Liver invasion ≥5 mm (to no invasion) | 54/76 | 19/48 | <0.001 | 2.42 (1.17–5.01) | 0.017 |
| Binf1 (to no invasion) | 24/80 | 41/49 | 0.30 | 0.73 (0.31–1.70) | 0.47 |
| Binf2/3 (to no invasion) | 53/80 | 17/49 | <0.001 | 2.10 (0.99–4.46) | 0.053 |
| ≥2 organs or structure invasions (to <1) | 20/137 | 21/40 | 0.02 | 1.05 (0.51–2.20) | 0.89 |
| MPV or HA invasions (to no invasions) | 35/119 | 18/43 | <0.001 | 1.75 (0.87–3.51) | 0.11 |
| AJCC8th 1–3 regional LNM (to N0) | 92/40 | 39/47 | 0.50 | 1.34 (0.74–2.39) | 0.33 |
| AJCC8th ≥4 regional LNM (to N0) | 25/40 | 11/47 | 0.001 | 2.25 (1.07–4.74) | 0.034 |
| Residual cancer R1.2 (to R0) | 32/125 | 14/42 | 0.004 | 1.09 (0.55–2.16) | 0.81 |
| Clavien–Dindo classification ≥3 (to ≤2) | 65/92 | 29/43 | 0.02 | 1.64 (0.99–2.71) | 0.054 |
| Without adjuvant chemotherapy (to with) | 117/40 | 36/41 | 0.20 | 1.93 (1.03–3.62) | 0.041 |
a Log-rank test, b Cox proportional hazards model. OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; S4bS5, resection of segment 4b plus 5 of the liver; LBR, liver bed resection; BDR, Bile duct resection; HDL, hepatoduodenal ligament; Binf1, invasion of the right margin of the HDL, but not to the left margin; Binf2/3, invasion of the left margin of the HDL, but not to the entire ligament/entire area of the HDL; MPV, main portal vein; HA, hepatic artery; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; LNM, lymph node metastasis; N0, no lymph node metastasis; R0, curative margin-free resection; R1.2, positive margin resection with or without any other residual cancer.