Table 3.
Comparison of characteristics among groups according to the number of prognostic factors in patients with stage 3/4 gallbladder cancer without distant metastases.
| Factors | 0 Factors | 1 Factor | 2 or 3 Factors | p Value Φ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 68) | (n = 54) | (n = 35) | ||
| Period 2000-17 | 38 (56%) | 34 (63%) | 21 (60%) | 0.73 |
| Age (y, median) | 71 | 69 | 66 | 0.20 ε |
| Female | 39 (57%) | 25 (46%) | 22 (63%) | 0.26 |
| Incidental | 10 (15%) | 4 (7.4%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.32 |
| Liver invasion ≥5 mm | 0 #, * | 24 (44%) #, ∀ | 30 (86%) *,∀ | <0.001 |
| Invasion of the left margin, or entire area of the HDL | 0 #, * | 24 (44%) #, ∀ | 29 (83%) *, ∀ | <0.001 |
| ≥4 regional lymph node metastasis | 0 #, * | 6 (11%) #, ∀ | 19 (54%) *, ∀ | <0.001 |
| Hepatectomy (LB/GB/S45/≥2 sections) | 27/25/15/1 #, * | 6/6/17/15 # | 3/2/10/20 * | <0.001 |
| BDR (with/without/PD) | 22/29/17 #, * | 34/10/10 # | 23/1/11 * | <0.001 |
| Vascular resection | 1 (1.5%) #, * | 6 (11%) #, ∀ | 17 (49%) *, ∀ | <0.001 |
| Blood loss (g) | 765 #, * | 1025 # | 1498 * | <0.001 #, ε |
| Surgery time (min) | 261 #, * | 370 # | 400 * | <0.001 ε |
| Histology (tub1 or 2/pap/poor or others) | 30/22/16 #, * | 28/3/23 # | 21/1/12 * | <0.001 |
| ≥2 organs or structure invasions | 1 (1.5%) #, * | 6 (11%) #, ∀ | 13 (37%) *, ∀ | <0.001 |
| MPV or HA invasions | 2 (2.9%) #, * | 12 (22%) #, ∀ | 23 (66%) *, ∀ | <0.001 |
| R0 | 60 (88%) # | 48 (89%) * | 18 (51%) #, * | <0.001 |
| Clavien–Dindo classification ≥3 | 20 (29%) # | 25 (46%) * | 20 (57%) #, * | 0.018 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 17 (25%) | 14 (26%) | 9 (26%) | 1.0 |
# p < 0.05, between 0 vs. 1 factor; * p < 0.05, between 0 vs. 2 or 3 factors; ∀ p < 0.05 between 1 vs. 2 or 3 factors with Fisher exact test two sided, respectively. Φ 2 × 3 Fisher exact test two sided, ε Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test. HDL, hepatoduodenal ligament; LB, liver bed resection; GB, cholecystectomy; S45, resection of segment 4a plus 5 of the liver; BDR, bile duct resection; PD, pancreaticoduodenectomy; MPV, main portal vein; HA, hepatic artery; R0, curative margin-free resection.