Figure 1.

Overview of omics techniques based on a pig model illustrating tail biting. Using genomics, entire genes or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are associated with damaging behaviours or stress susceptibility, can be identified via genotyping or by sequencing the entire genome in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) [17,18]. Transcriptomics allows the quantification of gene expression in relation with the stress response [19]. Proteomics examines the entire set of proteins formed after mRNA translation and subsequent post-translation modifications (PTMs). Particular protein species can be quantified in response to welfare alteration. Metabolomics studies the metabolites (lipids, water soluble and volatile molecules) that are necessary for protein/enzyme activity to occur or are formed because of these reactions [17]. (Figure was created using a pig icon by Freepik from www.flaticon.com).