Table 2.
Baseline characteristics in both groups (SGLT-2 inhibitors/non-SGLT-2 inhibitors) before and after propensity-score matching.
| Characteristics | Unmatched | Propensity-Score Matched | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SGLT-2 Inhibitors (n = 38) |
Non-SGLT-2 Inhibitors (n = 66) |
SGLT-2 Inhibitors (n = 38) |
Non-SGLT-2 Inhibitors (n = 38) |
|||||||
| n/Mean | %/SD | n/Mean | %/SD | p-Value | n/Mean | %/SD | n/Mean | %/SD | p-Value | |
| Prior history | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | 65.7 | 10.6 | 74 | 11.3 | <0.001 | 65.7 | 10.6 | 69.4 | 11.4 | 0.152 |
| Male sex n (%) | 25 | 65.8 | 43 | 63.2 | 0.947 | 25 | 65.8 | 25 | 65.8 | 1 |
| Smoke n (%) | 6 | 15.8 | 6 | 9.1 | 0.303 | 6 | 15.8 | 4 | 10.5 | 0.197 |
| Hypertension n (%) | 21 | 55.3 | 36 | 63.2 | 0.944 | 21 | 55.3 | 16 | 42.1 | 0.359 |
| History of chronic kidney disease Ψ n (%) | 2 | 5.3 | 22 | 33.3 | 0.001 | 2 | 5.3 | 3 | 7.89 | 1 |
| History of cerebrovascular disease n (%) | 0 | 0 | 8 | 12.1 | 0.025 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| History of heart failure n (%) | 5 | 13.1 | 15 | 22.7 | 0.233 | 5 | 13.1 | 7 | 18.4 | 0.753 |
| History of coronary artery disease n (%) | 11 | 28.9 | 18 | 27.3 | 0.858 | 11 | 28.9 | 10 | 26.32 | 1 |
| Discharge diagnosis | ||||||||||
| STEMI n (%) | 6 | 15.8 | 4 | 6.1 | 0.105 | 6 | 15.8 | 2 | 5.3 | 0.135 |
| NSTEMI n (%) | 8 | 21.1 | 21 | 31.8 | 0.238 | 8 | 21.1 | 13 | 34.2 | 0.200 |
| Unstable Angina n (%) | 9 | 23.7 | 10 | 15.2 | 0.278 | 9 | 23.7 | 9 | 23.7 | 1 |
| Stable heart disease n (%) | 3 | 7.9 | 4 | 6.1 | 0.719 | 3 | 7.9 | 2 | 5.3 | 0.644 |
| Heart failure n (%) | 7 | 18.4 | 15 | 22.7 | 0.605 | 7 | 18.4 | 15 | 22.7 | 0.605 |
| Arrhythmia n (%) | 4 | 10.5 | 8 | 12.1 | 0.806 | 4 | 10.5 | 8 | 12.1 | 0.806 |
| Others n (%) | 1 | 2.6 | 3 | 4.5 | 0.625 | 1 | 2.6 | 3 | 4.5 | 0.625 |
| Anthropometrical parameters, laboratory tests, and glycemic profile (at inclusion) | ||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124.8 | 16.3 | 127.3 | 16.5 | 0.453 | 124.789 | 16.28 | 125.189 | 13.737 | 0.909 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69.9 | 8.9 | 65.8 | 12.8 | 0.057 | 69.947 | 8.88 | 68.622 | 13.149 | 0.612 |
| Body mass index Φ (%) | 29.091 | 4.485 | 28.321 | 5.327 | 0.453 | 29.091 | 4.485 | 28.72 | 6.081 | 0.776 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 137.447 | 49.465 | 145.97 | 64.839 | 0.453 | 137.447 | 49.465 | 147.632 | 66.039 | 0.449 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 7.787 | 1.596 | 7.285 | 1.554 | 0.124 | 7.787 | 1.596 | 7.286 | 1.619 | 0.182 |
| eGFR φ (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 77.343 | 18.148 | 58.19 | 27.425 | <0.001 | 77.343 | 18.148 | 71.886 | 21.351 | 0.253 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 84.211 | 36.1 | 84.523 | 38.861 | 0.967 | 84.211 | 36.1 | 89.622 | 44.013 | 0.563 |
| LVEF (%) | 52.71 | 11.536 | 53.861 | 12.856 | 0.667 | 52.71 | 11.536 | 51.848 | 12.592 | 0.776 |
| Duration of T2DM (months) | 66.9 | 0.2 | 66.9 | 0.3 | 0.977 | 66.9 | 0.2 | 67.0 | 0.2 | 0.261 |
| Cardiovascular therapies | ||||||||||
| Antiplatelet agents n (%) | 26 | 68.4 | 46 | 69.7 | 0.892 | 26 | 68.42 | 27 | 71.05 | 1 |
| Anticoagulants n (%) | 6 | 15.8 | 12 | 18.2 | 0.756 | 6 | 15.79 | 5 | 13.16 | 1 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB n (%) | 26 | 68.4 | 25 | 37.9 | 0.003 | 26 | 68.42 | 15 | 39.47 | 0.021 |
| MRA n (%) | 1 | 2.6 | 4 | 6.1 | 0.431 | 1 | 2.63 | 4 | 10.53 | 0.358 |
| Beta-blocker n (%) | 25 | 65.8 | 44 | 66.7 | 0.927 | 25 | 65.79 | 26 | 68.42 | 1 |
| Statins n (%) | 29 | 76.3 | 48 | 72.7 | 0.688 | 29 | 76.32 | 27 | 71.05 | 0.794 |
| Ezetimibe n (%) | 3 | 7.9 | 12 | 18.2 | 0.15 | 3 | 7.89 | 8 | 21.05 | 0.191 |
| Loop diuretics n (%) | 6 | 15.8 | 25 | 37.9 | 0.018 | 6 | 15.79 | 11 | 28.95 | 0.271 |
Ψ History of chronic kidney disease was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 mL/min/1.73 m². Φ Body mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. φ Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): calculated by means of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin-receptor blocker; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF: heart failure; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NSTEMI: non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; SD: standard deviation; SGLT-2: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infraction.